Publication: 19. yy seyyahlarına göre İstanbul’da iktisadi ve sosyal hayat
Abstract
19. YY SEYYAHLARINA GÖRE İSTANBUL’DA İKTİSADİ VE SOSYAL HAYAT İstanbul, muhteşem coğrafyası ile tarihte tüm toplumların ilgi odağı olmuştur. Özellikle Osmanlı Devleti’nin yaşadığı iktisadi ve sosyal problemler nedeniyle 19. yy İstanbul için çok çalkantılı geçmiştir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun başkenti olan İstanbul’un bu çalkantılı iktisadi ve sosyal durumunu, yabancı seyyahların gözünden incelemeye çalıştım. 19. yüzyıl, Batı’nın kapitalistleşme ve sanayileşme süreçlerine paralel olarak, Osmanlı’nın nitelik değiştirdiği bir dönemdir. Bu dönemde, Doğu dünyasını tanımaya yönelik bir merak Ortadoğu’dan Güneydoğu Asya’ya kadar uzanan bölgede yaşayan toplumların dil, din, kültür ve tarihlerinin bilimsel olarak incelendiği akademik bir disiplinler ortaya çıkarmıştır. Demiryolları ve buharlı gemiler sayesinde seyahat koşullarının iyileştirilmesi, telefon, telgraf gibi teknolojilerin bilginin dolaşımını kolaylaştırması, müzeler, bilim ve diplomasi kongreleri, İslam dünyasının da sergilendiği dünya fuarları, Doğu ile Batı arasındaki teması artırmıştır. Böylece Doğu dünyasına ait imgeler, önceki yüzyıllara kıyasla daha gözle görülür, elle tutulur hale gelir; Doğu egzotizmi, 19. yüzyıl oryantalizmine dönüşür. Tarih yazımına ışık tutabilecek materyal açısından bakılacak olursa, yazılı kaynaklarda, seyahatnameler; görsel kaynaklarda ise kartpostallar oryantalizmin en çok yansıdığı alanlar olmuştur. Seyahatnameler üzerinden İstanbul’u tanıma girişimleri için titiz bir çalışma yürütmelidir. Nihayetinde tüm seyahatnameler seyyahın kişiliklerinin bir parçasıdır.
THE ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE IN İSTANBUL ACCORDING TO THE 19TH CENTURY TRAVELLERS İstanbul, with great geography was focused on by many civilizations. Especially because of the economical and social problems that Otoman Government had, 19th century became very surging for İstanbul. I tried to study the surging economical and social situation of the capital city of Otoman Empire through the eyes of the travellers. 19th century, as paralel to western worlds capitalist and industrialization proces, that was the period for Ottomans to change their character. The curiosity that existed on this period to know more about the eastern world, started disciplines on studies of civilizations’ languages, religions cultures and histories, living on a geograpgh starting from Middle East to South East Asia. Developements on travelling like trains and steam ships, developements on technology for sharing the knowledge like telephones and telegram, museums, science and diplomacy congress’, The world fairs that the Islamic World exhibited, increased the relations between the east and the west. By this way, the images that the eastern world had, comparing to the previous centuries become more available; Egzotic world of East turns to 19th century Eastern Orientation.,. If we happen to study through materials on writting history, through the written sources, the boks of travellers, through the visiual sources, the postcards are mostly influenced by the Orientalizm. Fort he attempts to know İstanbul through the boks of travellers, a serious study must be done. Essentially all the boks of travellers are the parts of their characters.
THE ECONOMICAL AND SOCIAL LIFE IN İSTANBUL ACCORDING TO THE 19TH CENTURY TRAVELLERS İstanbul, with great geography was focused on by many civilizations. Especially because of the economical and social problems that Otoman Government had, 19th century became very surging for İstanbul. I tried to study the surging economical and social situation of the capital city of Otoman Empire through the eyes of the travellers. 19th century, as paralel to western worlds capitalist and industrialization proces, that was the period for Ottomans to change their character. The curiosity that existed on this period to know more about the eastern world, started disciplines on studies of civilizations’ languages, religions cultures and histories, living on a geograpgh starting from Middle East to South East Asia. Developements on travelling like trains and steam ships, developements on technology for sharing the knowledge like telephones and telegram, museums, science and diplomacy congress’, The world fairs that the Islamic World exhibited, increased the relations between the east and the west. By this way, the images that the eastern world had, comparing to the previous centuries become more available; Egzotic world of East turns to 19th century Eastern Orientation.,. If we happen to study through materials on writting history, through the written sources, the boks of travellers, through the visiual sources, the postcards are mostly influenced by the Orientalizm. Fort he attempts to know İstanbul through the boks of travellers, a serious study must be done. Essentially all the boks of travellers are the parts of their characters.