Publication: Modern Lübnan’da Maruniler ve çatışma
Abstract
Mezhepçi toplumsal yaşamı ve eşsiz tarihsel deneyimleriyle dikkate şayan bir ülke olan Lübnan, kimlik ve çatışma arasındaki karşılıklı ilişkiyi tüm boyutlarıyla ele almak için araştırmacılara elverişli bir zemin sağlamaktadır. Lübnan, modern tarihi boyunca müzmin ve sürekli çatışmalara maruz kaldı. Özellikle bağımsızlığını elde ettiği 1943’ten beri konfesyonel ilkelere dayalı olan Lübnan’ın siyasal sistemi, 1958 Krizi ve 1975 İç Savaşı gibi bir dizi çatışmayla yüzleşmek zorunda kaldı. Aşırı derecede şiddet ve anarşi içeren bu çatışmalarda en önemli rolü oynayan mezhepsel grup hiç şüphesiz Mārūnīlerdi.Lübnan’da en önemli Hıristiyan mezhep olan Mārūnīler, Cebel Lübnan (Lübnan Dağı)’ın yüzyıllardır kendilerinin anavatanı olduğuna inanmaktadır. Bu inanç, Mārūnī sivil ve dini seçkinler arasında ortak bir geçmiş ve soy arayışıyla birlikte 19. yy’dan itibaren bir Mārūnī milliyetçiliği veya Lübnan Hıristiyan milliyetçiliği fikrinin ortaya çıkmasına yol açtı. Mārūnīlere göre onlar ayırt edici etnik özelliklere, münferit bir dine ve uzun bir tarihe sahip bir toplumdu. Fransa, Grand Liban (Büyük Lübnan)’ı kurduğunda Mārūnīlerin hayalleri gerçekleşti ve onlar yeni Lübnan’ın siyasi ve ekonomik sisteminde ayrıcalıklı bir mezhep haline geldi. Bu ayrıcalıklı statüden dolayı Mārūnīler modern Lübnan’daki tüm siyasi ve toplumsal mücadelelere ve çatışmalara müdahil oldu. Bu çalışma modern Lübnan’daki çatışmalarda Mārūnīlerin rolüne odaklanmakta ve kimlik ve çatışma arasındaki karşılıklı ilişki tüm boyutlarıyla ele alınmaktadır.
Lebanon is such a remarkable country having sectarian social life and unique historical experiences that it provides for a favorable basis for researchers to discuss correlation between identity and conflict in detail. Lebanon has been engulfed in protracted and continuous conflicts throughout its contemporary history. Especially since it gained independence in 1943, Lebanese political system based on confessional principle had to face a couple of conflicts such as 1958 Crisis and 1975 Civil War. In these crisis involved extremely violence and anarchy the major religious sect playing the most considerable was doubtlessly the Maronites. The Maronites, a major Christian sect in Lebanon, believe that Jabal Lubnān (Mount Lebanon) has been their motherland for many centuries. This belief has led to seekings of common past and common ancestor among Maronite secular and religious elit, in addition to emerge idea of Maronites nationalism or Lebanese Christian nationalism since begining of 19. Century. According to the Maronites, they are a society having distinctive ethnical characteristics, an unique religion and deep-rooted history. When France established Grand Liban (Great Lebanon), the Maronites’ dreams were fulfilled and they became privileged sect in politics and economic system of new Lebanon. Because of this privileged status, the Maronites got involved in all political and social struggles and conflicts of contemporary Lebanon. This thesis focus on role of the Maronites in conflicts of contemporary Lebanon and discuss correlation between identy and conflict in detail. Key Words: Lebanon, Maronites, Lebanon Civil War, Identity, Conflict bnan, Mārūnīler, Lübnan İç Savaşı, Kimlik, Çatışma
Lebanon is such a remarkable country having sectarian social life and unique historical experiences that it provides for a favorable basis for researchers to discuss correlation between identity and conflict in detail. Lebanon has been engulfed in protracted and continuous conflicts throughout its contemporary history. Especially since it gained independence in 1943, Lebanese political system based on confessional principle had to face a couple of conflicts such as 1958 Crisis and 1975 Civil War. In these crisis involved extremely violence and anarchy the major religious sect playing the most considerable was doubtlessly the Maronites. The Maronites, a major Christian sect in Lebanon, believe that Jabal Lubnān (Mount Lebanon) has been their motherland for many centuries. This belief has led to seekings of common past and common ancestor among Maronite secular and religious elit, in addition to emerge idea of Maronites nationalism or Lebanese Christian nationalism since begining of 19. Century. According to the Maronites, they are a society having distinctive ethnical characteristics, an unique religion and deep-rooted history. When France established Grand Liban (Great Lebanon), the Maronites’ dreams were fulfilled and they became privileged sect in politics and economic system of new Lebanon. Because of this privileged status, the Maronites got involved in all political and social struggles and conflicts of contemporary Lebanon. This thesis focus on role of the Maronites in conflicts of contemporary Lebanon and discuss correlation between identy and conflict in detail. Key Words: Lebanon, Maronites, Lebanon Civil War, Identity, Conflict bnan, Mārūnīler, Lübnan İç Savaşı, Kimlik, Çatışma