Publication: Türkiye’de mahalli idareler geleneği ve belediyeciliğin gelişimi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada Türkiye'de mahalli idare geleneğinin nasıl başladığı tarihi süreci gözönüne alınarak anlatılmaya çalışılmış mahalli idarelerin temel ilkeleri toplum hayatındaki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Mahalli idareler açıklanmaya, anlatılmaya çalışılırken belediyeler diğer yerel yönetim birimlerinden (İl özel idareleri ve köyler) ayrı tutulmuş ve tezin ana konusunu oluşturmuştur. Çalışmanın genel akışı göz önüne alındığında günümüze kadar olan belediyeciliğin gelişimi ve merkezi yönetimin yerel yönetimlere olan tutumu değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yerel yönetimlerin kısaca tarihçesine bakıldığında bu kurumların toplumun gündelik hayatında bire bir çok önemli bir yer tuttuğu görülmektedir. Demokrasinin gelişmesi kişinin toplumsal yaşama katılma noktasında yerel yönetim birimlerinin çok önemli kurumlar olarak ortaya çıktığı görülecektir. Ülkemizde mahalli idare geleneği çok eskilere gitmemektedir. Yerel yönetimler Tanzimattan sonra batılılaşma hareketlerinin parçası olarak toplum hayatımıza girmişlerdir. Merkeziyetçi yapının güçlü olması yerel yönetim üzerinde baskıcı tutumu yetkileri sürekli kendinde tutma isteği yerel yönetimleri güçsüz kılmış, topluma katacağı verimi düşürmüştür 1950'lili yılların ortalarına doğru değişen politikalar paralelinde yaşanan hızlı kentleşme kent nüfusu artırmıştır. Gündelik yaşamda yaşanan sorunların artması yerel yönetimlerin önemini artırmış, 1960 ve 70'lere kadar aradığı ilgiyi bulamayan mahalli idareler prestij kazanmış bir anda ilgi odağı haline gelmişlerdir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde Büyükkentler için getirilen özel yönetim birimleri önerilen modeller incelemiş, Büyükşehir yönetim sistemi modelleri açıklanarak alternatif yerel idare şekillerine değinilmiştir.
In this study, the commencement of local authorities' tradition in Turkey was tried to be narrated in consideration of the history process and the importance of local authorities within the social life was emphasized. For the effort to explanation and narration of For the effort to explanation and narration of local authorities, the municipalities were distinguished from other local management units (Private city authorities and villages) and were the main subject of the thesis. In consideration of the general flow of the study, the development of municipalities and the attitude of central authority to the local authorities were evaluated. When the history of the local authorities was briefly examined, it is understood that they have an important role in the daily life of the society. With the progress of democracy and the participation of individual into social life, it is evident that local authority units are very important establishments. The history of local authorities in our country is not too old. The local authorities were introduced to our social life as a part of westernization movement following Tanzimat (Administrative Reform, 1839). The power of the central structure, its repressive attitude on the local authorizes and its desire to hold every power devitalized the local authorizes and minimized the productivity it would contribute to the society. Parallel to changing policies in mid 1950's, the fast urbanization increased the population of cities. The increase of problems faced in daily life increased the importance of local authorities; and they earned prestige and the center of attention which could not find the desired interest until 1960's and 70's. In the final part of the study, special management unit implemented into and new models proposed for Metropolitans were examined; the metropolitan management system was explained and alternative local authority forms were adverted.
In this study, the commencement of local authorities' tradition in Turkey was tried to be narrated in consideration of the history process and the importance of local authorities within the social life was emphasized. For the effort to explanation and narration of For the effort to explanation and narration of local authorities, the municipalities were distinguished from other local management units (Private city authorities and villages) and were the main subject of the thesis. In consideration of the general flow of the study, the development of municipalities and the attitude of central authority to the local authorities were evaluated. When the history of the local authorities was briefly examined, it is understood that they have an important role in the daily life of the society. With the progress of democracy and the participation of individual into social life, it is evident that local authority units are very important establishments. The history of local authorities in our country is not too old. The local authorities were introduced to our social life as a part of westernization movement following Tanzimat (Administrative Reform, 1839). The power of the central structure, its repressive attitude on the local authorizes and its desire to hold every power devitalized the local authorizes and minimized the productivity it would contribute to the society. Parallel to changing policies in mid 1950's, the fast urbanization increased the population of cities. The increase of problems faced in daily life increased the importance of local authorities; and they earned prestige and the center of attention which could not find the desired interest until 1960's and 70's. In the final part of the study, special management unit implemented into and new models proposed for Metropolitans were examined; the metropolitan management system was explained and alternative local authority forms were adverted.