Publication: Limited şirkette ortakların bağlılık yükümlülüğü
Abstract
Limited şirket kanun koyucunun tercihlerinin bir sonucu olarak sermaye şirketleri ile şahıs şirketleri arasında bir yapıya sahiptir. TTK ile sermaye şirketi olduğu açıkça vurgulanmasına rağmen (TTK m. 124), limited şirketi şahıs şirketlerine yaklaştıran birçok düzenlemeler mevcuttur. TTK m. 613 ile hüküm altına alınan, limited şirket ortaklarının bağlılık yükümlülüğü de bu düzenlemelerden bir tanesidir. eTK döneminde yasal temeli bulunmamasına karşılık, doktrin ve yargı içtihatlarında varlığı kabul edilen bu yükümlülük ilk defa TTK ile normatif düzleme aktarılmıştır. Hüküm yeni olması sebebiyle bağlılık yükümlülüğü kavramının neyi ifade ettiği, kapsamının tespit edilmesi, kendisinden türetilen diğer yükümlülüklerin incelenmesi ve yükümlülüğün ihlali halinde ortaya çıkacak hukuki sonuçların açıklığa kavuşturulması gerek teori gerek uygulama bakımından önemlidir. Literatüre ve uygulamaya ışık tutması amacıyla TTK ile ihdas edilen bu kurum detaylı bir biçimde ele alınmıştır. Bu doğrultuda gerek yerli gerek yabancı kaynaklar ve mahkeme kararları taranmış, bağlılık yükümlülüğü tüm dinamikleri ile ortaya konulmuş, uygulamada ortaya çıkabilecek problemler tespit edilmiş ve bunlara çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur. Limited şirket ortaklarının bağlılık yükümlülüğü hukukumuz açısından yeni olmasına karşın, mehaz İsviçre ve Alman hukuklarında uzun süredir tartışılmaktadır. Bu nedenle her iki hukuk sistemi literatür ve içtihat bakımından zengindir. Çalışmayı daha etkin ve verimli kılmak amacıyla bağlılık yükümlülüğü İsviçre ve Alman hukuk sistemleri ile mukayeseli olarak incelenmiş, mevcut düzenlememizin benzer ve farklı yönleri tespit edilmiştir.
As a result of the preferences of the legislator, the limited liability company has a structure between capital companies and partnership. Although the TCC clearly emphasizes that limited liability companies are capital companies (Art. 124 TCC), there are many regulations that bring limited liability companies closer to partnerships. The duty of loyalty of the shareholders of limited liability companies, which is stipulated under Art. 613 TCC, is one of these regulations. Although this obligation did not have a legal basis under the repealed TCC, its existence was accepted in the doctrine and jurisprudence, and it was transferred to the normative level for the first time under the TCC. Since the provision is new, it is important in terms of both theory and practice to determine what the concept of the obligation of loyalty means, to determine its scope, to examine the other obligations derived from it, and to clarify the legal consequences that will arise in case of breach of the obligation. In order to shed light on the literature and practice, this institution introduced by the TCC has been analyzed in detail. In this respect, both domestic and foreign sources and court decisions have been reviewed, the obligation of loyalty has been presented with all its dynamics, the problems that may arise in practice have been identified and solutions have been proposed. Although the obligation of loyalty of the shareholders of limited liability companies is new in our law, it has been discussed for a long time in the predecessor Swiss and German laws. Therefore, both legal systems are rich in terms of literature and case law. In order to make the study more effective and efficient, the obligation of loyalty has been analyzed in comparison with the Swiss and German legal systems, and the similarities and differences of our current regulation have been determined.
As a result of the preferences of the legislator, the limited liability company has a structure between capital companies and partnership. Although the TCC clearly emphasizes that limited liability companies are capital companies (Art. 124 TCC), there are many regulations that bring limited liability companies closer to partnerships. The duty of loyalty of the shareholders of limited liability companies, which is stipulated under Art. 613 TCC, is one of these regulations. Although this obligation did not have a legal basis under the repealed TCC, its existence was accepted in the doctrine and jurisprudence, and it was transferred to the normative level for the first time under the TCC. Since the provision is new, it is important in terms of both theory and practice to determine what the concept of the obligation of loyalty means, to determine its scope, to examine the other obligations derived from it, and to clarify the legal consequences that will arise in case of breach of the obligation. In order to shed light on the literature and practice, this institution introduced by the TCC has been analyzed in detail. In this respect, both domestic and foreign sources and court decisions have been reviewed, the obligation of loyalty has been presented with all its dynamics, the problems that may arise in practice have been identified and solutions have been proposed. Although the obligation of loyalty of the shareholders of limited liability companies is new in our law, it has been discussed for a long time in the predecessor Swiss and German laws. Therefore, both legal systems are rich in terms of literature and case law. In order to make the study more effective and efficient, the obligation of loyalty has been analyzed in comparison with the Swiss and German legal systems, and the similarities and differences of our current regulation have been determined.
Description
Keywords
Bağlılık Yükümlülüğü, Bağlılık Yükümlülüğünün İhlali Limited Liability Company, Breach of the Duty of Loyalty, Confidentiality Obligation, Corporate Opportunity Doctrine, Duty of Loyalty, İş Fırsatı Doktrini, Komandit şirket, Limited Liability Company Partner, Limited partnership, Limited Şirket, Limited Şirket Ortağı, Prohibition of Competition, Rekabet Yasağı, Sır Saklama Yükümlülüğü, Türkiye