Publication: Bir eşitsizlik biçimi olarak uluslararası haber dengesizliği ve türk dış politika basını’nda Irak savaşı
Abstract
Bu çalışmayla; Türk dış politika basınının, 2003 yılında yaşanan Irak Savaşı’nın gerekçesi olarak gösterilen Irak’ta kitle imha silahlarının varlığına ilişkin iddialarla ilgili haberleri, hangi kaynaklardan ne ölçüde verdiği, uluslararası haber dengesizliği tartışmaları bağlamında incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bir Eşitsizlik Biçimi Olarak Uluslararası Haber Dengesizliği ve Türk Dış Politika Basınında Irak Savaşı adlı çalışmamızda içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmış, I. bölümde araştırmanın temel unsurları olan; problem, amaç, önem, varsayımlar, sınırlılıklar, tanımlar ve yöntem ortaya konmuştur. II. bölümde ise eşitsizliklerin tarihsel kökenlerine değinilmiş, iki kutuplu dünyada uluslararası eşitlik ve denge arayışlarına yer verilmiş, iletişim alanındaki uluslararası dengesizlik tartışmaları ve bu konudaki temel belge olan MacBride Komisyonu Raporu incelenmiştir. 90’lı yıllardan sonra yeniden şekillenen dünyada tek kutuplu siyasal ortam ve çokuluslu şirketler ele alınmış küreselleşmeyle birlikte uluslararası iletişimde ortaya çıkan yeni yönelimler değerlendirilmiştir. Uluslararası haber dengesizliği konusunda başlıca sorumlu olarak gösterilen dört büyük haber ajansı incelenmiş ve bu konudaki tartışmaların Türkiye’deki yansımaları ortaya konmuştur. III. bölümde; Türk dış politika basınını temsil ettiği varsayımıyla içerik analizi yöntemiyle inceleme altına alınan Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet ve Yeni Şafak gazetelerinin dış politika sayfalarında, Irak’ta kitle imha silahlarının varlığına ilişkin iddialarla ilgili haberlerin hangi kaynaklardan ne ölçüde verildiği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ve İngiltere’nin, Irak’ın kitle imha silahlarına sahip olduğu ve El Kaide’yle işbirliği yaptığı gerekçesiyle başlattığı Irak Savaşı, Türk dış politika basınında Anglo-Amerikan basın yayın organları ve yine bu ülkeler merkezli uluslararası haber ajansları Associated Press (AP) ve Reuters kaynaklı olarak Türk kamuoyuna sunulmuştur. Türk halkı, komşu bir ülkeyle ilgili bu denli önemli haberleri savaşı başlatanların bakış açısıyla izlemek ve değerlendirmek durumunda kalmıştır.
This study analyzes the news coverage in the Turkish foreign policy press of claims that Iraq owned weapons of mass destruction (a claim that was put forward as justification for the Iraq War) in terms of the sources and the amount of news and in the context of debates surrounding international news imbalance. This study, entitled International News Imbalance as a Form of Inequality and the Iraq War in Turkish Foreign Policy Press, employs the content analysis method. Part I presents the core components of the study including the problem, the goals, the significance, the assumptions, the limitations, the definitions and the method. Part II considers the historical roots of inequality, discusses the search for international equality and balance in the bipolar world, and analyzes the debates on international imbalance in the field of communication, including the key document on this topic: The MacBride Commission Report. Part II also deals with multinational companies and the unipolar political environment in the world that has been taking shape since the 1990s and evaluates the new tendencies in international communication that have developed along with the process of globalization. It analyzes the four major news agencies that it is claimed carry the main responsibility for the international news imbalance and shows how discussions of this topic are reflected in Turkey. Part III demonstrates from what sources and to what extent the news concerning claims of Iraq’s possession of weapons of mass destruction was reported by analyzing the foreign policy pages of the newspapers Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet, and Yeni Şafak (with the assumption that they represent the Turkish foreign policy press) using the content analysis method. The Turkish foreign policy press presented The Iraq War, which the United States of America and England started with the justification that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and that it cooperated with al-Qaeda, to the Turkish public relying on Anglo-American media and the international news agencies Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, which are also based in these countries. The Turkish people had to follow and evaluate such important news about one of its neighbors from the point of view of those who initiated the war.
This study analyzes the news coverage in the Turkish foreign policy press of claims that Iraq owned weapons of mass destruction (a claim that was put forward as justification for the Iraq War) in terms of the sources and the amount of news and in the context of debates surrounding international news imbalance. This study, entitled International News Imbalance as a Form of Inequality and the Iraq War in Turkish Foreign Policy Press, employs the content analysis method. Part I presents the core components of the study including the problem, the goals, the significance, the assumptions, the limitations, the definitions and the method. Part II considers the historical roots of inequality, discusses the search for international equality and balance in the bipolar world, and analyzes the debates on international imbalance in the field of communication, including the key document on this topic: The MacBride Commission Report. Part II also deals with multinational companies and the unipolar political environment in the world that has been taking shape since the 1990s and evaluates the new tendencies in international communication that have developed along with the process of globalization. It analyzes the four major news agencies that it is claimed carry the main responsibility for the international news imbalance and shows how discussions of this topic are reflected in Turkey. Part III demonstrates from what sources and to what extent the news concerning claims of Iraq’s possession of weapons of mass destruction was reported by analyzing the foreign policy pages of the newspapers Cumhuriyet, Hürriyet, and Yeni Şafak (with the assumption that they represent the Turkish foreign policy press) using the content analysis method. The Turkish foreign policy press presented The Iraq War, which the United States of America and England started with the justification that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction and that it cooperated with al-Qaeda, to the Turkish public relying on Anglo-American media and the international news agencies Associated Press (AP) and Reuters, which are also based in these countries. The Turkish people had to follow and evaluate such important news about one of its neighbors from the point of view of those who initiated the war.