Publication: Yedek parça tasarım hakkının korunması
Abstract
asarım, bir ürünün tamamının veya bir parçasının çizgi, şekil, renk, biçim, doku, malzemenin esnekliği ve/ veya süslemesi gibi insan duyuları ile algılanabilen çeşitli unsur veya özelliklerinin görünümüdür. Bu görünüm, iki boyutlu olabileceği gibi üç boyutlu da olabilir. Türk Hukukunda konuya ilişkin düzenleme, 1993 tarihli Topluluk Yönerge ve Tüzük Tasarıları dikkate alınarak 554 Sayılı EndTasKHK ile yapılmıştır. EndTasKHK, tescilli tasarımları düzenlemektedir. Tescilsiz tasarımlar ise, genel hükümlere göre korunacaktır. Bu KHK'ya göre tescilli bir tasarım, sahibine inhisari yetki verir(m.17). Buna göre tasarımın kullanım hakkı münhasıran sahibine veya onun yetkili kıldığı kişilere aittir. Anılan KHK'nın 5. maddesine göre, yeni ve ayırt edici özellik taşıyan yedek parça tasarımları tam korumadan(25yıl) faydalanır. Ancak diğer bir ürüne mekanik olarak monte edebilmek için ancak zorunlu biçim ve boyutlarda tasarlanması zorunlu olan yedek parça tasarımları, korumadan faydalanamaz(m.10). Bu KHK'nın Onarım Amaçlı Kullanım başlığını taşıyan 22. Maddesine göre ise, şu şartların birlikte bulunması şartıyla yedek parça tasarımı, ürünün piyasaya sürülmesinden itibaren ancak 3 yıl korumadan faydalanır: a) Yedek parça, bileşik bir ürünün parçası ve görünümünün bu bileşik ürüne bağımlı olmalı, b) Yedek parça tasarımı, bileşik ürüne orijinal görünümü yeniden kazandırmak üzere onarımda kullanılmalı, c) Onarım için kullanılan ürünün kaynağı konunda kamuoyu yanıltılmamalı. Hukukumuzda yedek parça tasarımları için özel bir hüküm getirilmesi yerinde bir düzenlemedir. Aksi halde bileşik ürün üreticisine, yedek parça sektöründe tekelleşme imkanı verilmiş olunurdu ki bu düzenleme, serbest rekabet ilkeleriyle uyum arz etmeyen bir durum yaratırdı.
To design, in a board sense, is the appearance of the whole or partial properties of a product which can be perceived through senses of human being in terms of its shape, color, form, style, elasticsity of its raw material and decoration. This appearance may be either bi-dimensional or three dimensional. In Turkish Law, an arrangemen related to this topic was made by a Govermental Decree under No: 554(Governmental Decree on Industrial Design) considering the Directives and Regulations Schemes on protection of industrial design of the European Community. The aforementioned Decree has been an arrangement for registered designs. On the other hand, non-registered designs would be under the protection of general legal principles. According to the Decree, any registered design grants its owner a monopolistic authority(article 17). Hence, the right for utilization of a registered design solely belogns to its owner or the persons authorised by the owner. According to Article 5 of the said Decree, new and individual charecter spare part designs would benefit from full protection for a period of 25 years. However, any spare part designs which must be produced in a standard shape an size in order to be mechanically mounted on any other product or part has not been under protection (article 10/ II). According to Article 22 of this Decree under the title of Reparation-Oriented Utilization, designs are to be under the protection for only 3 years beginning from the marketing date, provided that the following criteria are reached: a)Spare part must be a part of and depend on the complex product. b)Spare part design must be used in reparation in order to provide the complex product its original shape. c)The public opinion must not be cheated about the source of the product that was used in reparation. Establishing a special rule for spare part dasigns is a necessary arrangement. Otherwise, producer of complex products would have a convenient enviroment to establish monopoly in the market which would be against very core of the perfect competition principles.
To design, in a board sense, is the appearance of the whole or partial properties of a product which can be perceived through senses of human being in terms of its shape, color, form, style, elasticsity of its raw material and decoration. This appearance may be either bi-dimensional or three dimensional. In Turkish Law, an arrangemen related to this topic was made by a Govermental Decree under No: 554(Governmental Decree on Industrial Design) considering the Directives and Regulations Schemes on protection of industrial design of the European Community. The aforementioned Decree has been an arrangement for registered designs. On the other hand, non-registered designs would be under the protection of general legal principles. According to the Decree, any registered design grants its owner a monopolistic authority(article 17). Hence, the right for utilization of a registered design solely belogns to its owner or the persons authorised by the owner. According to Article 5 of the said Decree, new and individual charecter spare part designs would benefit from full protection for a period of 25 years. However, any spare part designs which must be produced in a standard shape an size in order to be mechanically mounted on any other product or part has not been under protection (article 10/ II). According to Article 22 of this Decree under the title of Reparation-Oriented Utilization, designs are to be under the protection for only 3 years beginning from the marketing date, provided that the following criteria are reached: a)Spare part must be a part of and depend on the complex product. b)Spare part design must be used in reparation in order to provide the complex product its original shape. c)The public opinion must not be cheated about the source of the product that was used in reparation. Establishing a special rule for spare part dasigns is a necessary arrangement. Otherwise, producer of complex products would have a convenient enviroment to establish monopoly in the market which would be against very core of the perfect competition principles.