Publication: Osmanlı Dönemi’nde Şeyh Abdüsselam Barzani ve isyanları (1908-1914)
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Şeyh Abdüsselam Barzani’nin 1908-1914 yılları arasında Musul Vilayeti’ndeki siyasi faaliyetleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın merkezinde Şeyh Abdüsselam Barzani ve faaliyetleri olmasına rağmen ilgili bölgenin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı ile Barzan bölgesi ve Barzan Aşireti hakkında da bazı bilgiler verilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, II. Abdülhamit ile İttihat ve Terakki’nin yönetim anlayışları ve bunun Musul’daki yansımaları da irdelenmiştir.Abdüsselam Barzani, 20. yüzyıl başlarında Barzan Aşireti’nin şeyhi konumundadır. II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanından (1908) sonra, bölgesel nüfuzunu genişletmek amacıyla İngiltere’nin de desteğiyle 1909 yılında önemli bir isyan başlatmıştır. Şeyh Abdüsselam, Osmanlı yönetiminin askeri harekatından sonra af dilemek zorunda kalmış ve bölgedeki asayişsizlik birkaç yıllığına da olsa ortadan kaldırılmıştır. Ancak, Osmanlı Devleti’nde yaşanan iç ve dış gelişmeler ve özellikle de Rusya’nın bölgede uyguladığı politikalar, Şeyh Abdüsselam’ın 1913 yılından itibaren tekrar nüfuzunu genişletmesine imkan vermiştir. Şeyhin gittikçe yoğunlaşan faaliyetleri, 1914 yılında silahlı isyan hareketine dönüşmüştür. İttihat ve Terakki’nin, özellikle de dönemin Musul valisi Süleyman Nazif’in girişimleri neticesinde, 1914 yılında Şeyh Abdüsselam yakalanarak Musul’a getirildi. Burada kurulan olağanüstü mahkemede yargılanması sonucu idam edildi ve onunla birlikte hareket edenler de çeşitli cezalara çarptırıldı. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti’ni uzun süredir uğraştıran mesele sona ermiştir. Bununla birlikte, Şeyh Abdüsselam’ın bu faaliyetleri, Osmanlı sonrasındaki Barzan ailesi ve aşiret reisleri üzerinde önemli bir etki bırakmıştır.
In this study, the political activities of Sheikh Abdusselam Barzani in Mosul Vilayet between 1908-1914 are discussed. Although the focus of the study is Sheikh Abdusselam Barzani and his activities, some information is also given about the socio-economic structure of the relevant region, Barzan region and Barzan Tribe. However, the administration mentality of Abdulhamid II and the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and its reflections in Mosul are also examinedSheikh Abdusselam Barzani was the leader of the Barzan Tribe in the early 20th century. After the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908), he started an significant rebellion in 1909 with the support of England, in order to expand his regional influence. Sheikh Abdusselam had to ask forgiveness after the military operation of the Ottoman government and the disorder in the region was eliminated for a few years. However, the internal and external developments in the Ottoman State, and especially the policies implemented by Russia in the region, allowed Sheikh Abdusselam to expand his influence again since 1913. Sheikh's intensified activities turned into an armed rebellion movement in 1914. As a result of the attempts of the CUP’s and especially governor of Mosul, Süleyman Nazif, Sheikh Abdusselam was captured and brought to Mosul in 1914. He was executed as a result of his trial in the extraordinary court established here, and those who acted with him were also sentenced to various penalties. Thus, the issue that had been dealing with the Ottoman State for a long time came to an end. However, the political activities of Sheikh Abdusselam had a significant impact on the Barzan family and Barzan tribal leaders after the Ottoman Empire.
In this study, the political activities of Sheikh Abdusselam Barzani in Mosul Vilayet between 1908-1914 are discussed. Although the focus of the study is Sheikh Abdusselam Barzani and his activities, some information is also given about the socio-economic structure of the relevant region, Barzan region and Barzan Tribe. However, the administration mentality of Abdulhamid II and the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and its reflections in Mosul are also examinedSheikh Abdusselam Barzani was the leader of the Barzan Tribe in the early 20th century. After the proclamation of the Second Constitutional Monarchy (1908), he started an significant rebellion in 1909 with the support of England, in order to expand his regional influence. Sheikh Abdusselam had to ask forgiveness after the military operation of the Ottoman government and the disorder in the region was eliminated for a few years. However, the internal and external developments in the Ottoman State, and especially the policies implemented by Russia in the region, allowed Sheikh Abdusselam to expand his influence again since 1913. Sheikh's intensified activities turned into an armed rebellion movement in 1914. As a result of the attempts of the CUP’s and especially governor of Mosul, Süleyman Nazif, Sheikh Abdusselam was captured and brought to Mosul in 1914. He was executed as a result of his trial in the extraordinary court established here, and those who acted with him were also sentenced to various penalties. Thus, the issue that had been dealing with the Ottoman State for a long time came to an end. However, the political activities of Sheikh Abdusselam had a significant impact on the Barzan family and Barzan tribal leaders after the Ottoman Empire.