Publication: Türk ve Alman Hukukunda Yeni Düzenlemeler Işığında Sorumluluk Sigortasında Doğrudan Talep Hakkı
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Abstract
6102 sayılı Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu'ndan önceki dönemde sorumluluk
sigortalarında Yargıtay içtihatlarıyla tanınmaya çalışılan doğrudan talep hakkı, Yeni
Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nda normatif bir düzenlemeye kavuşmuştur. Zarar gören üçüncü
kişinin zarar verenin sorumluluk sigortacısına karşı doğrudan talep hakkını
düzenleyen Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun 1478. maddesinin sorumluluk
sigortalarına ilişkin genel hükümler arasında yer alması sebebiyle, bu talep, hem
zorunlu hem de isteğe bağlı sorumluluk sigortalarında geçerli bir hak haline
gelmiştir. Doğrudan talep hakkı karşısında sigortacının ifa yükümlülüğü, Yeni Türk
Ticaret Kanunu'nun Zorunlu Sigortalar başlığı altında 1484. maddesinin 1.
fıkrasında düzenlenmiştir. Bu hükme göre sigortacı sigorta ettirene karşı ifa
yükümlülüğünden kurtulmuş olsa bile, sigorta limiti dahilinde zarar gören üçüncü
kişiye karşı sorumlu olmaya devam eder. Ancak bu hükmün sistematik açıdan
zorunlu sigortalar kısmında yer alması, isteğe bağlı sigortalarda uygulanıp
uygulanamayacağı sorununu gündeme getirmiştir. Doğrudan talep hakkının
zamanaşımı süresi, sigorta ettirene karşı olan talep hakkının zamanaşımı süresine
değil de, sigorta sözleşmesi için geçerli olan zamanaşımı süresine tabi kılınmıştır.
Direct claim, which was recognized in liability insuarances by precedenıs of Court of Cassation as before New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, has finally reached to a normative regulation under New Turkish Commercial Code. Oue ıo the reason that the Article 1478 of New Turkish Commercial Code, which regulates injured third party's direct claim against liability insurer of maleficent party, takes place among general provisions releated to liability insurances, direct claim has became a valid right for both in compulsory and arbitrary liability insurances. Insurer's obligation of fulfillment against the injured party's direct claim has been prescribed in New Turkish Commercial Code by the I si sentence of Article 1484 under the title of compulsory insurances. According to this provision, although being released from obligations to the policy owner, insurer's obligation ıo the injured third party will continue at an insurance limit set by the insurance policy. However, the application of this sentence to arbitrary liability insurances is somewhat debatable due to the fact that such sentence is systematically included in compulsory insurances section. Statutory period of limitation for a direct claim is subjected not to a statutory limitation ofa direct claim against the policy owner, but to a statutory limitation that was set for the contract of insurance.
Direct claim, which was recognized in liability insuarances by precedenıs of Court of Cassation as before New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, has finally reached to a normative regulation under New Turkish Commercial Code. Oue ıo the reason that the Article 1478 of New Turkish Commercial Code, which regulates injured third party's direct claim against liability insurer of maleficent party, takes place among general provisions releated to liability insurances, direct claim has became a valid right for both in compulsory and arbitrary liability insurances. Insurer's obligation of fulfillment against the injured party's direct claim has been prescribed in New Turkish Commercial Code by the I si sentence of Article 1484 under the title of compulsory insurances. According to this provision, although being released from obligations to the policy owner, insurer's obligation ıo the injured third party will continue at an insurance limit set by the insurance policy. However, the application of this sentence to arbitrary liability insurances is somewhat debatable due to the fact that such sentence is systematically included in compulsory insurances section. Statutory period of limitation for a direct claim is subjected not to a statutory limitation ofa direct claim against the policy owner, but to a statutory limitation that was set for the contract of insurance.
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Keywords
Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler, Hukuk, Ticaret Hukuku, Özel Hukuk, Social Sciences and Humanities, Law, Commercial Law, Private Law, Sosyal Bilimler (SOC), Sosyal Bilimler Genel, HUKUK, Social Sciences (SOC), SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL, LAW, Sosyal Bilimler ve Beşeri Bilimler, Social Sciences & Humanities, 6102 sayılı Yeni Türk Ticaret Kanunu'nun 1478. maddesi, sigorta, sorumluluk sigortası, doğrudan talep hakkı, doğrudan dava hakkı, zarar görenin doğrudan talep hakla, Article 1478 of the New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102, insurance, liability insurance, direct claim, direct action, the injured party's direct claim
Citation
Sopacı Öztuna B., "Türk ve Alman Hukukunda Yeni Düzenlemeler Işığında Sorumluluk Sigortasında Doğrudan Talep Hakkı", BANKA VE TICARET HUKUKU DERGISI, cilt.27, sa.2, ss.15-50, 2011
