Publication: Hasan Ali̇ Toptaş’ın romanlarının arketi̇psel eleşti̇ri̇ yöntemi̇yle incelenmesi̇
Abstract
Psikanaliz biliminin kurucusu Sigmund Freud’un öğrencilerinden Carl Gustav Jung, insanın bilinçdışını kişisel bilinçdışı ve kolektif bilinçdışı olmak üzere ikiye ayırır. Kişisel bilinçdışı bireyin yaşanmışlıkları, unutmak istediği veya önemsiz olarak nitelendirip bilince attığı düşüncelerden oluşur. Kolektif bilinçdışı ise bireyin tecrübelerinden oluşmayan, atalarından getirdiği ve tüm insanlarda bulunan ortak bilinçdışıdır. İlk, ana örnek veya prototip anlamına gelen arketipler ise kolektif bilinçdışını oluşturan yapılardır. Evrensel, kültürel miras olan bu yapılar Jung’a göre mitler, din ve edebiyat başta olmak üzere hayatın pek çok alanında karşımıza çıkar. Edebiyat eleştirmenleri Jung’un arketipsel analiz fikrinden yola çıkarak edebi eserlerde yazarın kullanmış olduğu arketipleri ve bu arketiplerin eserlere katkısını incelemeye yönelirler. Türk edebiyatının 1980 kuşağı sonrası yazarlarından Hasan Ali Toptaş, kaleme aldığı romanlarıyla farklı bir çizgiye sahiptir. Eserlerinde postmodern teknikleri başarılı bir şekilde uygulayan Toptaş, aynı zamanda insan gerçeğini ihmal etmez. İçinde bulunduğu koşulları, sosyal çevresini göz ardı etmeden insanı sosyal ve psikolojik boyutuyla ele alır. Romanlarının ortak özellikleri, oluşturduğu kahramanlar vasıtasıyla toplumsal sorunları bireyin kendi iç dünyasında yaşadığı kaos ile birlikte işlemesidir; karakterlerini kolektif hayatın getirdiği problemlerle de karşı karşıya bırakır. Edebi eserlerde yer alan arketipler okurda derin izler bırakır, okurların kendilerinden bir parça bulmalarına olanak sağlar; yazarın eserini evrensele taşır. Hasan Ali Toptaş’ın Romanlarının Arketipsel Eleştiri Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi, adlı çalışmada; Carl Gustav Jung’un kolektif bilinçdışı kavramından yola çıkarak geliştirdiği arketipsel analiz perspektifinde Toptaş’ın Sonsuzluğa Nokta, Gölgesizler, Kayıp Hayaller Kitabı, Bin Hüzünlü Haz, Uykuların Doğusu, Heba, Kuşlar Yasına Gider ve Beni Kör Kuyularda başlıklı romanları incelenmiştir.
Carl Gustav Jung, one of the students of Sigmund Freud, the founder of the science of psychoanalysis, divides the human unconscious into two: personal unconscious and collective unconscious. The personal unconscious consists of the individual's experiences and thoughts that he wants to forget or that he considers unimportant and throws into consciousness. The collective unconscious is the common unconscious that does not consist of the individual's experiences, but is brought from his ancestors and is found in all people. Archetypes, meaning the first, main example or prototype, are the structures that make up the collective unconscious. According to Jung, these structures, which are universal, cultural heritage, appear in many areas of life, especially myths, religion and literature. Based on Jung's idea of archetypal analysis, literary critics tend to examine the archetypes used by the author in literary works and the contribution of these archetypes to the works. Hasan Ali Toptaş, one of the writers of Turkish literature after the 1980 generation, has a different line with the novels he wrote. Toptaş successfully applies postmodern techniques in his works, and at the same time, he does not neglect human reality. It deals with people from their social and psychological dimensions, without ignoring their conditions and social environment. The common features of his novels are that he deals with social problems together with the chaos experienced by the individual in his inner world through the heroes he creates; It also exposes its characters to the problems brought by collective life. Archetypes in literary works leave deep traces on the reader and allow readers to find a piece of themselves; It carries the author's work to the universal. In the study titled Examination of Hasan Ali Toptaş's Novels with the Method of Archetypal Criticism; In the perspective of archetypal analysis developed by Carl Gustav Jung based on the concept of the collective unconscious, Toptaş's novels titled Infinity Point, Shadowless, The Book of Lost Dreams, A Bin Hüzünlü Haz, Doğusu of Sleeps, Heba, Kuşlar Yasın Gider and Beni Kör Kuyularda were examined.
Carl Gustav Jung, one of the students of Sigmund Freud, the founder of the science of psychoanalysis, divides the human unconscious into two: personal unconscious and collective unconscious. The personal unconscious consists of the individual's experiences and thoughts that he wants to forget or that he considers unimportant and throws into consciousness. The collective unconscious is the common unconscious that does not consist of the individual's experiences, but is brought from his ancestors and is found in all people. Archetypes, meaning the first, main example or prototype, are the structures that make up the collective unconscious. According to Jung, these structures, which are universal, cultural heritage, appear in many areas of life, especially myths, religion and literature. Based on Jung's idea of archetypal analysis, literary critics tend to examine the archetypes used by the author in literary works and the contribution of these archetypes to the works. Hasan Ali Toptaş, one of the writers of Turkish literature after the 1980 generation, has a different line with the novels he wrote. Toptaş successfully applies postmodern techniques in his works, and at the same time, he does not neglect human reality. It deals with people from their social and psychological dimensions, without ignoring their conditions and social environment. The common features of his novels are that he deals with social problems together with the chaos experienced by the individual in his inner world through the heroes he creates; It also exposes its characters to the problems brought by collective life. Archetypes in literary works leave deep traces on the reader and allow readers to find a piece of themselves; It carries the author's work to the universal. In the study titled Examination of Hasan Ali Toptaş's Novels with the Method of Archetypal Criticism; In the perspective of archetypal analysis developed by Carl Gustav Jung based on the concept of the collective unconscious, Toptaş's novels titled Infinity Point, Shadowless, The Book of Lost Dreams, A Bin Hüzünlü Haz, Doğusu of Sleeps, Heba, Kuşlar Yasın Gider and Beni Kör Kuyularda were examined.