Publication: Okulda uygulanan zorbalığı önleme programının zorbalığın azaltılmasında etkisi
Abstract
Akran zorbalığı okullarda her geçen gün artan, kısa ve uzun dönemde insan sağlığını olumsuz etkileyen sonuçlar doğuran bir sorundur. Özellikle ilköğretim okulu ikinci kademede daha sık görülen bu sorun erken dönemde hemşirelik girişimleriyle azaltılabilir, olumsuz sonuçları ortadan kaldırılabilir. Bu araştırma Okulda Zorbalığı Önleme Programının (ZÖP) zorbalığın azaltılmasında etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırma ön test-son test kontrol gruplu araştırma tasarımı ile yarı deneysel olarak gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmanın evren ve örneklemini, İstanbul’daki iki ilköğretim okulu ikinci kademede yer alan 583 öğrenci oluşturdu. Okullardan biri deney (145 öğrenci), diğeri kontrol grubunu (222 öğrenci) oluşturdu. Veriler Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Akran Zorbalığı Kurbanlarını Belirleme Ölçeği (AZKBÖ), Akran Zorbalarını Belirleme Ölçeği (AZBÖ), Eğitimi Değerlendirme Formu ve Okulda ZÖP Uygulamaları İle İlgili Görüşleri Değerlendirme Formu ile toplandı. Çevresel Davrsanışsal Model (ÇDM) ve Neuman Sistemler Modeli (NSM) stratejilerine göre hazırlanan ZÖP, okul çalışanları, öğrenci aileleri ve öğrencileri kapsadı. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; öğrencilerin % 29,7’sinin zorbalığa uğradığı, en çok sınıfta öğretmen olmadığında (% 49,3) zorbalık yaşandığı görüldü. Öğrencilerin, AZKBÖ ve AZBÖ alt boyutlarından alaydan aldıkları puan ortalamasının en yüksek olduğu, açık saldırıyı erkeklerin ve 8. sınıfların daha çok yaptığı, ilişkisel saldırıya en çok 6. sınıfların uğradığı belirlendi. Baba eğitimi düşük olanlarla daha çok alay edildiği, ekonomik durumu düşük olanların düşük olmayanlara göre daha çok zorbalığa uğradığı ve açık saldırıda bulunduğu belirlendi. Deney grubunun kontrol grubuna göre son testte AZKBÖ tüm alt boyutlarından, AZBÖ korkutma sindirme alt boyutundan aldığı puan ortalamaları daha düşük bulundu. Bu farklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<,05). ÇDM ve NSM doğrultusunda hazırlanan ZÖP’nın okulda zorbalığın azaltılmasında etkili olduğu ve hemşirelik uygulamalarında kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı. okul sağlığı, akran zorbalığı, okulda zorbalığı önleme okul sağlığı hemşireliği 2.
THE EFFECT OF REDUCING BULLYING PREVENTION PROGRAM IN SCHOOL ON THE MİNİMİZATİON OF BULLYING, Peer bullying is a problem which is increasing at schools each day and which influences human’s health negatively in both short and long term. This problem, which is especially observed in second grade of primary school can be reduced and its negative influences can be remove by nursing interventions in early period. In the present study reducing peer bullying at schools by using bullying prevention program was aimed. The study was conducted as pre-test-post-test control group semi-experimental design. Study population consisted of 583 students from two primary schools located in Istanbul. One school formed experimental group (145 students) and the other school formed control group (222 students). Collected data were Personal Information Form, Identifying Victims of Peer Bullying Scale (IVPBS), Identifying Peer Bullies (IPBS), Education Assessment Form, and Students Opinions about Bullying Prevention Program Form. The program based on Behavioral-Ecological Model (BEM) and Neuman Systems Model (NSM) included school personal, students’ families, and students. According to the results 29.7% of students were exposed to peer bullying and peer bullying was observed mostly (49.3%) when the class teacher was absent in the classroom. Among IVPBS and IPBS subscales mocking had the highest average score, open attack was used mostly by males and by 8th grades, relational attack was mostly exposed by 6th grades. It was determined that students whose fathers’ educations were lower were those who were being mocked more and who used open attack more. All subscale scores of IVPBS and threat and intimidation subscales of IPBS were lower for experimental group after the intervention than those for control group. These differences were statistically significant (p< .05). It was concluded that BEM and NSM based Bullying Prevention Program can be used to reduce peer bullying. Key Word: school health, peer bullying, bullying prevention program at school, school health nursing
THE EFFECT OF REDUCING BULLYING PREVENTION PROGRAM IN SCHOOL ON THE MİNİMİZATİON OF BULLYING, Peer bullying is a problem which is increasing at schools each day and which influences human’s health negatively in both short and long term. This problem, which is especially observed in second grade of primary school can be reduced and its negative influences can be remove by nursing interventions in early period. In the present study reducing peer bullying at schools by using bullying prevention program was aimed. The study was conducted as pre-test-post-test control group semi-experimental design. Study population consisted of 583 students from two primary schools located in Istanbul. One school formed experimental group (145 students) and the other school formed control group (222 students). Collected data were Personal Information Form, Identifying Victims of Peer Bullying Scale (IVPBS), Identifying Peer Bullies (IPBS), Education Assessment Form, and Students Opinions about Bullying Prevention Program Form. The program based on Behavioral-Ecological Model (BEM) and Neuman Systems Model (NSM) included school personal, students’ families, and students. According to the results 29.7% of students were exposed to peer bullying and peer bullying was observed mostly (49.3%) when the class teacher was absent in the classroom. Among IVPBS and IPBS subscales mocking had the highest average score, open attack was used mostly by males and by 8th grades, relational attack was mostly exposed by 6th grades. It was determined that students whose fathers’ educations were lower were those who were being mocked more and who used open attack more. All subscale scores of IVPBS and threat and intimidation subscales of IPBS were lower for experimental group after the intervention than those for control group. These differences were statistically significant (p< .05). It was concluded that BEM and NSM based Bullying Prevention Program can be used to reduce peer bullying. Key Word: school health, peer bullying, bullying prevention program at school, school health nursing