Publication: İstanbul Kentiçi kara toplu ulaşım hizmetlerinin başlaması ve gelişimi (1850-1900)
Abstract
İstanbul için ancak, 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, kentiçi toplu ulaşım faaliyetlerinden söz etmek mümkün olmaktadır. İlk kez yüzyılın ikinci yarısında, yabancılar tarafından işletilen buharlı vapur seferlerinin devreye girmesiyle, denizde toplu ulaşım hizmetlerinin başladığı söylenebilir. Daha sonra bunu, 1851'de ilk Osmanlı vapur şirketi olan Şirket-i Hayriye'nin kurulması izlemiştir. Şirket-i Hayriye vapurlarının hizmete girmesiyle, İstanbul'da ilk kez düzenli ve kurumsal anlamda bir toplu ulaşım faaliyeti başlamış oldu. Karada toplu ulaşım hizmetleri ise, ilk kez, bir İngiliz vatandaşı olan Huchiadson'un 1864 yılında, İstanbul'da tramvay inşa ve işletme imtiyazını talep etmesiyle gündeme geldi. Sonuçlanmayan bu imtiyaz talebinden 5 yıl sonra, yani 30 Ağustos 1869 yılında, İstanbul'da ilk tramvay inşa ve işletme imtiyazı, Osmanlı Devleti vatandaşı Konstantin Karapano Efendiye verildi. 19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren, İstanbul'da, kentiçi toplu ulaşım hizmeti vermek üzere gerçekleştirilmiş bir diğer önemli proje ise, Galata Tüneli projesiydi. Bu proje, Fransız mühendis Eugene-Henri Gavand'ın girişimiyle ortaya çıkmıştır. Galata ve Beyoğlu arasında insan ve eşya naklini gerçekleştirecek olan Galata Tünelinin inşa ve işletme imtiyazı, 10 Haziran 1869 tarihli Padişah Fermanı ile Eugéne-Henri Gavand'a verildi. İstanbul'da imtiyazlı bir araba şirketi kurulamamıştı. Bununla birlikte, kentiçi ulaşım hizmeti veren omnibuslar, hükümetten alınan ruhsatla işletilebilmekteydiler. Ancak, bunların kentiçi ulaşıma katkıları sınırlı ölçüde gerçekleşmişti
It is not possible to speak about public transport within the city of İstanbul until the second half of the 19th century, when foreign companies initiated steamboat journeys for public use. This initiative by foreign companies was followed by an Ottoman venture, Şirket-i Hayriye, which may be considered as the first institutionalized and orderly organized public transport activity in the city. These initial investments in maritime public transport paved the way for the investments in overland public transport in İstanbul. The first relevant project came on agenda in 1864 with the proposal of an English citizen called Huchiadson. However, nothing came out of his request for exclusive rights on tram transportation in İstanbul. Instead the Ottoman government accorded these rights to one of his subjects, Konstantin Karapano, in 30 august 1869. During the same period, another important project concerning the public transport within the city of İstanbul was the Galata tunnel, which was initiated by the French engineer Eugene-Henri Gavand. The project was aimed at carrying passengers and goods between Galata and Beyoğlu. The Ottoman government accorded the demanded privileges to Gavand on 10th of June 1869. Despite these developments there have not been any establishment concerning public transport with cars within the city of İstanbul. Instead, although their contribution to the public transport in the city remained small in scale, omnibuses could be operated after the relevant permissions were acquired from the government.
It is not possible to speak about public transport within the city of İstanbul until the second half of the 19th century, when foreign companies initiated steamboat journeys for public use. This initiative by foreign companies was followed by an Ottoman venture, Şirket-i Hayriye, which may be considered as the first institutionalized and orderly organized public transport activity in the city. These initial investments in maritime public transport paved the way for the investments in overland public transport in İstanbul. The first relevant project came on agenda in 1864 with the proposal of an English citizen called Huchiadson. However, nothing came out of his request for exclusive rights on tram transportation in İstanbul. Instead the Ottoman government accorded these rights to one of his subjects, Konstantin Karapano, in 30 august 1869. During the same period, another important project concerning the public transport within the city of İstanbul was the Galata tunnel, which was initiated by the French engineer Eugene-Henri Gavand. The project was aimed at carrying passengers and goods between Galata and Beyoğlu. The Ottoman government accorded the demanded privileges to Gavand on 10th of June 1869. Despite these developments there have not been any establishment concerning public transport with cars within the city of İstanbul. Instead, although their contribution to the public transport in the city remained small in scale, omnibuses could be operated after the relevant permissions were acquired from the government.