Publication: LA GARANTIE AUTONOME OU LETTRE DE GARANTIE EN DROIT OHADA
Abstract
OHADA'da benimsenmiş terminolojiye göre teminat mektubu olarak anılan bağımsız garanti, teminat hukuku alanındaki önemli yeniliklerden biridir. Teminat mektubunun sözleşmesel nitelik taşımakta olduğu Yeknesak Belge'deki tanımda açıkça ortaya koyulmuştur, fakat revizyon söz konusu tanımı taahhüt kavramından bahsetmek suretiyle tartışmaya açık hale getirmektedir. Teminat mektubunun çeşitli şekli koşullara uyması gerekmektedir; bu koşullara uyulmaması geçersizliğe sebep olur. Teminat mektubu ile yalnızca tüzel kişiler borç altına girebilir, gerçek kişilerin teminat mektubu vermesi mümkün değildir. Teminat mektubunun özellikleri arasında bağımsız olması ve defi ileri sürmenin mümkün olmaması bulunmaktadır. Yeknesak Belge teminatın süresini sınırlamaktadır. Ancak belgenin revize edilmiş halinde süresiz teminat verme olanağı getirilmiştir. Talimat veren hile veya kötüye kullanma durumunda ödeme yapmama imkanına sahiptir. Bu koruma çerçevesinde, garanti veren ve kontrgarantör de talimat veren gibi rücu imkanına sahiptir. Rücu kişisel olabileceği gibi halefiyete de dayanabilir.
The Autonomous guarantee called letter of guarantee in the OHADA's jargon is one of the major innovations in the law on secured transactions. Its contractual nature has been clearly defined by the Uniform Act but the revision seems to shade this definition by speaking of engagement. The letter of guarantee follows a certain number of formalities that any non-compliance leads to nullity. It can only be subscribed by corporations so individuals are excluded. The letter of guarantee has a number of characters among which the rules on autonomy, the impossibility to enforce exceptions and their inadmissibility. The Uniform Act limits the duration of the warranty. However, with the revised version the possibility of unlimited warranty is accepted. In case of fraud or abuse the client who indicates the order has the means to make the payment. In this framework of protection the guarantor and the counter-guarantor has as well as the indicator of the order means of action. The appeal can be personal or subrogation recourse.
The Autonomous guarantee called letter of guarantee in the OHADA's jargon is one of the major innovations in the law on secured transactions. Its contractual nature has been clearly defined by the Uniform Act but the revision seems to shade this definition by speaking of engagement. The letter of guarantee follows a certain number of formalities that any non-compliance leads to nullity. It can only be subscribed by corporations so individuals are excluded. The letter of guarantee has a number of characters among which the rules on autonomy, the impossibility to enforce exceptions and their inadmissibility. The Uniform Act limits the duration of the warranty. However, with the revised version the possibility of unlimited warranty is accepted. In case of fraud or abuse the client who indicates the order has the means to make the payment. In this framework of protection the guarantor and the counter-guarantor has as well as the indicator of the order means of action. The appeal can be personal or subrogation recourse.