Publication: Yapılandirilmiş gömülü teori̇ yaklaşımı ile kültürel coğrafya öğreti̇mi̇
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Kültürel coğrafya, Amerika'da Carl Sauer tarafından kurulmuş ve geleneksel kültürel
coğrafya olarak adlandırılmıştır. Beşeri coğrafyanın pozitivizm eleştirisinin bir parçası
olan bu yaklaşım, 1980'lerde kültürel dönüş sürecinde, ontolojik ve epistemolojik
gerçeklerle eleştirilmiştir. Çünkü kültür yaklaşımları tarihin, kırsalın yorumlanmasıyla
sınırlı ve çağdaş kültürel konularla ilgisizdir. Bireylerin cinsiyetleri, sosyal sınıarı
açısından nasıl farklılaştırıldığını görmemişlerdir. Yeni kültürel coğrafyacılar bu
eleştiriyle, geleneksel kültürel coğrafyaya meydan okumuş, konunun mülkiyeti üzerine
tartışma oluşturmuştur. Bu durum, 1990'lı yıllarda kültürel coğrafyanın, daha büyük
disiplinin kritik dönüşünü canlandıran, disiplin konumlandırmasını hızlandırmaya
yardımcı olmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın amacı, kültürel coğrafyanın nasıl öğretilmesi
gerektiğini belirlemektir. Bu çalışma, 2020-2021 eğitim ve öğretim yılında, Marmara
üniversitesi coğrafya öğretmenliği bölümünde okuyan yirmi beş öğrenci ile yarı
yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Yapılandırılmış gömülü teori
yöntemiyle yürütülen çalışmada, katılımcıların kültürel coğrafya öğretimi sürecindeki
deneyimleri, yaşamlarında kültürün nasıl etkili olduğu, bununla ilgili deneyimleri ve
algılarını ortaya koymak istenmiştir. Kültürel coğrafya öğretimi ile ilgili daha önce çalışma
yapılmaması açısından önemlidir. Sonuç olarak, sosyal düzen verili veya doğal bir durum
değildir. Bu sosyal düzen kapitalizm için oluşturulmuş, adaletsizliklerin nedeni olan güç
ise kurumsallaşmıştır. Gücün kurumsallaşmasında temsiller, ataerkil yapı, kültür
endüstrileri, söylemler, pratikler etkili olmuştur. Gücün eleştirilmesiyle bireyler üzerindeki
olumsuz etkisi azaltılabilir ve böylece toplumsal dönüşüm sağlanabilir. Bu dönüşüm, yeni
kültürel coğrafya öğretiminin yaygınlaştırılmasıyla mümkün olabilir.
Cultural geography was founded by Carl Sauer in America and named as traditional cultural geography. This approach, which is a part of the positivism critique of human geography was criticized with ontological and epistemological realities during the cultural turn process in the 1980s. Because their approaches to culture are limited to the interpretation of history and the countryside and irrelevant to contemporary cultural issues. They did not see how individuals were differentiated in terms of their gender and social class. With this criticism, new cultural geographers challenged traditional cultural geography and created a debate on the ownership of the subject. This helped to accelerate the discipline positioning of cultural geography in the 1990s, which revived the critical turn of the larger discipline. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine how cultural geography should be taught. This study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with twenty-ve students studying in the geography teaching department of Marmara University in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the study carried out with the structured embedded theory method, it was aimed to reveal the experiences of the participants in the cultural geography teaching process, how culture is effective in their lives, their experiences and perceptions about it. It is important that there is no previous study on cultural geography teaching. Consequently, the social order is not a given or a natural state. This social order has been created for capitalism and the power that causes injustice has been institutionalized. Representations, patriarchal structure, cultural industries, discourses and practices have been effective in the institutionalization of power. By criticizing power, its negative impact on individuals can be reduced and thus social transformation can be achieved. This transformation can be possible with the dissemination of new cultural geography teaching.
Cultural geography was founded by Carl Sauer in America and named as traditional cultural geography. This approach, which is a part of the positivism critique of human geography was criticized with ontological and epistemological realities during the cultural turn process in the 1980s. Because their approaches to culture are limited to the interpretation of history and the countryside and irrelevant to contemporary cultural issues. They did not see how individuals were differentiated in terms of their gender and social class. With this criticism, new cultural geographers challenged traditional cultural geography and created a debate on the ownership of the subject. This helped to accelerate the discipline positioning of cultural geography in the 1990s, which revived the critical turn of the larger discipline. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine how cultural geography should be taught. This study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with twenty-ve students studying in the geography teaching department of Marmara University in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the study carried out with the structured embedded theory method, it was aimed to reveal the experiences of the participants in the cultural geography teaching process, how culture is effective in their lives, their experiences and perceptions about it. It is important that there is no previous study on cultural geography teaching. Consequently, the social order is not a given or a natural state. This social order has been created for capitalism and the power that causes injustice has been institutionalized. Representations, patriarchal structure, cultural industries, discourses and practices have been effective in the institutionalization of power. By criticizing power, its negative impact on individuals can be reduced and thus social transformation can be achieved. This transformation can be possible with the dissemination of new cultural geography teaching.
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Citation
OKUR M., BİLGİLİ M., "YAPILANDIRILMIŞ GÖMÜLÜ TEORİ YAKLAŞIMI İLE KÜLTÜREL COĞRAFYA ÖĞRETİMİ", THE JOURNAL OF THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND HISTORY-GEOGRAPHY OF ANKARA UNIVERSITY, cilt.62, sa.1, ss.383-408, 2022
