Publication: İstanbul şehir dokusunda bir mekân çözümlemesi : Fatih
Abstract
Klasik Osmanlı Şehirleri incelendiğinde, külliyeler etrafında şekillenen şehir dokusu dikkati çekmektedir. Külliyeler; cami, medreseler, imaret, şifahane, kütüphane, çarşı, hamam gibi birimlerden oluşmakta ve şehirlilerin bütün ihtiyaçlarını karşılama vazifesi görmektedir. Çalışmanın merkezinde bulunan Fatih Külliyesi fetihten sonra ilk inşa edilen selatin camii olan Fatih Camii ve etrafındaki yapılar bütünü olarak, İstanbul’a yeni bir medeniyet anlayışı ve şehircilik düzeni getirmiştir. Tarih boyunca insan ve mekân karşılıklı olarak birbirini etkilemiştir. İnsan maddi ve manevi birikimini mekâna yansıtmıştır.Bu çalışmada, Fatih Külliyesi onu saran cadde ve sokaklar üzerinden tarihi süreçte incelenmiş, mekânın şehir hayatına nasıl katıldığı sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Fatih Külliyesi’ni saran cadde ve sokaklar Ali Kuşçu Mahallesi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Şehir ve mekân kavramları üzerinden İslam şehirlerinin genel özellikleri ve Osmanlı şehir anlayışı incelenmiştir. İstanbul şehir dokusunun tarihi süreçteki aşamaları ele alınmıştır. Fatih Külliyesi’ni merkezine alan bir mekân okuması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatür taraması yapılarak resim ve fotoğraf arşivi hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma; Ali Kuşçu Mahallesi’nde yaşayan ve rastgele seçilmiş kişilerle yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniğine dayalı saha araştırması ile desteklenmiştir. Mekân ve yaşayan kültür okunmaya çalışılmıştır.IIFatih Külliyesi kuruluşundan Cumhuriyet’e kadar ibadet, eğitim, kültür ve sağlık gibi hizmetler sunma, devlete memur yetiştirme, merkezi devlet anlayışını güçlendirme, vakıf yönüyle hayır işleri yürütme gibi vazifeler üstlenmiştir. Külliye ve civarı tarih boyunca cazibe merkezi olmuştur. Az katlı ahşap konutları ve çıkmaz sokakları ile Osmanlı şehir tasavvurunun bir örneği oluşmuş, Cumhuriyet sonrası ise şehrin dokusu hızla değişmiştir. Bugün halâ Fatih Külliyesi sosyal hayatın içinde yer almaktadır fakat külliye birimlerinin çoğu eski işlevlerini yitirmiştir. Tarihi, kültürel ve mimari dokunun kaybolması, artan Suriyeli göçmen sayısı ve depreme dayanıksız binalar sebebiyle çalışmanın odaklandığı bölge acil müdahale edilmesi gereken sorunlar taşımaktadır. Çalışma yetkililere Fatih’te alacakları kararlarda katkı sağlayabilme iddiasındadır.
ABSTRACTA SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE FATIH IN THE ISTANBULThe urban texture of classical Ottoman cities shaped around complexes draws attention. The complexes consisted of such units as mosques, madrasahs, almshouses, hospitals, libraries, bazaars, and baths, and they had the mission to meet all the needs of the city dwellers. The Fatih Complex, located at the center of business, brought a new understanding of civilization and urbanism to Istanbul with surrounding buildings and the Fatih Mosque, the first Sultan mosque built after the conquest. Throughout history, human and space have not mutually affected each other. He reflected his material and spiritual accumulation to the space.In this research, Fatih Complex has been studied through the avenues and streets surrounding it in the historical process, and an answer has been sought to the question of how the place joined the city life. The avenues and streets surrounding Fatih Complex have been restricted to Ali Kuşçu Neighbourhood. The concepts of city and space have been studied in detail. General characteristics of Islamic cities and Ottoman city understanding have been researched. The stages of the texture of Istanbul in the historical process are discussed. Accordingly, a space reading centered on the Fatih Complex has been carried out. A visual archive has been prepared by scanning the literature. The research has been supported with field research based onIVsemi-structured interview technique done with people living in Ali Kuşçu Neighborhood.Since its construction, Fatih Complex has undertaken some duties: Providing services such as worship, education, culture, and health; training civil servants for the state, strengthening the understanding of the central state and being a charity institution. The complex and its surroundings have been a center of attraction throughout history and creating an example of the Ottoman city's imagination with its low-rise wooden houses and dead-end streets. The texture of the city has changed rapidly through the Republic Era. Although Fatih Complex is a part of social life today, it has problems that require urgent intervention due to the loss of its old cultural and architectural texture, the increasing number of Syrian immigrants, and its buildings at earthquake risk. The study claims to be able to contribute to the decisions authorities will take in Fatih.
ABSTRACTA SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE FATIH IN THE ISTANBULThe urban texture of classical Ottoman cities shaped around complexes draws attention. The complexes consisted of such units as mosques, madrasahs, almshouses, hospitals, libraries, bazaars, and baths, and they had the mission to meet all the needs of the city dwellers. The Fatih Complex, located at the center of business, brought a new understanding of civilization and urbanism to Istanbul with surrounding buildings and the Fatih Mosque, the first Sultan mosque built after the conquest. Throughout history, human and space have not mutually affected each other. He reflected his material and spiritual accumulation to the space.In this research, Fatih Complex has been studied through the avenues and streets surrounding it in the historical process, and an answer has been sought to the question of how the place joined the city life. The avenues and streets surrounding Fatih Complex have been restricted to Ali Kuşçu Neighbourhood. The concepts of city and space have been studied in detail. General characteristics of Islamic cities and Ottoman city understanding have been researched. The stages of the texture of Istanbul in the historical process are discussed. Accordingly, a space reading centered on the Fatih Complex has been carried out. A visual archive has been prepared by scanning the literature. The research has been supported with field research based onIVsemi-structured interview technique done with people living in Ali Kuşçu Neighborhood.Since its construction, Fatih Complex has undertaken some duties: Providing services such as worship, education, culture, and health; training civil servants for the state, strengthening the understanding of the central state and being a charity institution. The complex and its surroundings have been a center of attraction throughout history and creating an example of the Ottoman city's imagination with its low-rise wooden houses and dead-end streets. The texture of the city has changed rapidly through the Republic Era. Although Fatih Complex is a part of social life today, it has problems that require urgent intervention due to the loss of its old cultural and architectural texture, the increasing number of Syrian immigrants, and its buildings at earthquake risk. The study claims to be able to contribute to the decisions authorities will take in Fatih.