Publication: Vakıf yönetim organının sorumluluğu
Abstract
Vakıf ve benzeri oluşumlar gerek ülkemizde gerekse de dünyada çok uzun yıllardan beri varlığını sürdürmektedir. Türk Medeni Kanunu ve Vakıflar Kanunu ile kendilerine tüzel kişilik tanınan vakıflar; yeterli miktardaki malvarlığının belirli ve sürekli bir amaca özgülenmesi suretiyle kurulan mal topluluklarıdır. Her tüzel kişi gibi vakıflar da iradelerini organları aracılığıyla ortaya koymaktadır. Vakfın tek zorunlu organı olan yönetim organı, vakıf resmi senedi ile belirlenen amacı gerçekleştirilmekle yükümlüdür. Vakıf faaliyetlerinin sürdürülmesi sırasında yönetim organının vakfa veya üçüncü kişilere zarar verebilecek bazı eylemlerde bulunması mümkündür. Bu çalışma, vakıf yönetim organının meydana gelen zarardan sorumluluğunu detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Vakıf yönetim organlarının hukuki niteliği, görev ve yetkileri, sorumluluklarının sınırları ve bu sorumlulukların ihlali durumunda ortaya çıkabilecek hukuki sonuçlar ele alınmıştır. Hukuka aykırı fiil, meydana gelen zarar, zarar ile fiil arasındaki illiyet bağı ve kusur unsurları çerçevesinde yönetim organının vakfa ve üçüncü kişilere karşı olan sorumluluğu değerlendirilmiştir. Türk Medeni Kanunu ve Türk Borçlar Kanunu başta olmak üzere, sorumluluğa ilişkin yasal düzenlemeler ile öğretide yer alan görüşler ve yargı kararları ışığında sırasıyla vakfın kuruluşu, işleyişi ve yönetim organının vakfa ve üçüncü kişilere karşı olan sorumluluğu ele alınmıştır. Son olarak, vakıf yönetim organının ibrası ele alınmış ve bu süreçte dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışma ile vakıfların daha etkin ve hukuka uygun yönetilmesine katkı sağlamak amaçlanmaktadır.
Foundations and similar entities have existed for centuries, both domestically and globally. Recognized as legal entities under the Turkish Civil Code and the Foundations Law, foundations are established through the dedication of sufficient assets to a defined and enduring purpose. Like other legal entities, foundations exercise their will through their governing bodies. The management body, the only mandatory organ of a foundation, is tasked with realizing the foundation’s objectives as outlined in its official charter. Throughout the course of the foundation’s activities, the management body may engage in actions that could potentially cause harm to the foundation or third parties. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the liability of the foundation’s management body in instances of such harm. It explores the legal nature of the management bodies, their duties and powers, the boundaries of their liability, and the legal ramifications that arise when these responsibilities are breached. The liability of the management body towards both the foundation and third parties is examined within the framework of unlawful acts, the resulting damage, the causal link between the act and the harm, and the element of fault. By drawing on relevant legal provisions, particularly those found in the Turkish Civil Code and the Turkish Code of Obligations, as well as doctrinal perspectives and court rulings, this study systematically addresses the foundation’s establishment, operation, and the liability of the management body towards the foundation and external parties. Additionally, the study examines the issue of discharging the management body from liability, discussing the critical considerations that must be taken into account during this process. Ultimately, this thesis aims to contribute to the more efficient and legally sound management of foundations.
Foundations and similar entities have existed for centuries, both domestically and globally. Recognized as legal entities under the Turkish Civil Code and the Foundations Law, foundations are established through the dedication of sufficient assets to a defined and enduring purpose. Like other legal entities, foundations exercise their will through their governing bodies. The management body, the only mandatory organ of a foundation, is tasked with realizing the foundation’s objectives as outlined in its official charter. Throughout the course of the foundation’s activities, the management body may engage in actions that could potentially cause harm to the foundation or third parties. This thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the liability of the foundation’s management body in instances of such harm. It explores the legal nature of the management bodies, their duties and powers, the boundaries of their liability, and the legal ramifications that arise when these responsibilities are breached. The liability of the management body towards both the foundation and third parties is examined within the framework of unlawful acts, the resulting damage, the causal link between the act and the harm, and the element of fault. By drawing on relevant legal provisions, particularly those found in the Turkish Civil Code and the Turkish Code of Obligations, as well as doctrinal perspectives and court rulings, this study systematically addresses the foundation’s establishment, operation, and the liability of the management body towards the foundation and external parties. Additionally, the study examines the issue of discharging the management body from liability, discussing the critical considerations that must be taken into account during this process. Ultimately, this thesis aims to contribute to the more efficient and legally sound management of foundations.