Publication: A Comparative Analysis of Educational Reforms in Ottoman and British Empires: Schooling and Curricular Issues (1870-1908)
Abstract
19. yüzyıldaki ilköğretim reformlarının, her ne kadar hedeflerine ulaşıp ulaşmadıkları noktasında ciddi soru işaretleri bulunsa da, gerek Türkiye'nin gerekse İngiltere'nin tarihsel ve kültürel analizlerinde anlamlı bir yeri vardır. Bu makalede, imparatorluktaki merkez teşkilatlarının hangi düzeyde ve etkinlikte ilköğretim sistemini etkilediği ve bu etkinin kimi tarih kitaplarına yansıması araştırılmıştır. Osmanlı ve İngiliz arşivlerindeki belgelerden yararlanılan ve doküman analizi metoduyla kaleme alınan bu makalede kullanılan karşılaştırmalı analiz, ilköğretimdeki yenileşme sürecinin farklı siyasal sistem ve coğrafyalarda birbirlerine benzerliklerini gösterme olanağı sağlamıştır. Söz konusu yaklaşım, 19. yüzyılda İngiltere ve Türkiye'deki ilköğretim reformlarının, yalnızca kendi ulusal-kültürel bağlamlarında değil, fakat dünyadaki modernleşme ve merkezileşme akımlarında görülen genel eğilimin bir parçası olarak algılanması gerektiğini ortaya koymuştur.
Apart from the concern with the issue of whether it succeeded or failed, the schools were important in making a sense in this periods' historical and cultural contexts. This paper focuses on two aspects of elementary education in Ottoman and British Empires: the use of education by a state tool for achieving certain goals, and the reorganization of textbooks and schooling. The comparative analysis that was used in this study with the methodology of document analysis allows us to see the simultaneity of the educational experience across unexpectedly wide swaths of geography. This paper was written with several materials provided from Public Record Office and Ottoman Archaive. The paper presents the educational reforms in the Ottoman and British Empires were an integral part of a global phenomenon with their distinctive features and within the context of the centralising and modernising spirit. This article emphasize that the nineteenth century educational reforms should not only be considered in their different cultural context, these reforms should also be considered as an integral part of a global phenomenon.
Apart from the concern with the issue of whether it succeeded or failed, the schools were important in making a sense in this periods' historical and cultural contexts. This paper focuses on two aspects of elementary education in Ottoman and British Empires: the use of education by a state tool for achieving certain goals, and the reorganization of textbooks and schooling. The comparative analysis that was used in this study with the methodology of document analysis allows us to see the simultaneity of the educational experience across unexpectedly wide swaths of geography. This paper was written with several materials provided from Public Record Office and Ottoman Archaive. The paper presents the educational reforms in the Ottoman and British Empires were an integral part of a global phenomenon with their distinctive features and within the context of the centralising and modernising spirit. This article emphasize that the nineteenth century educational reforms should not only be considered in their different cultural context, these reforms should also be considered as an integral part of a global phenomenon.