Publication: Measuring the effectiveness of İstanbul’s primary schools by using data envelopment analysis
Abstract
İSTANBUL İLKÖĞRETİM OKULLARININ ETKİNLİĞİNİN VERİ ZARFLAMA YÖNTEMİYLE ÖLÇÜLMESİ Tezin maksadı, İstanbul’daki ilköğretim kurumlarının “öğretme işini” ne derece etkin bir şekilde gerçekleştirdiklerini ölçmektir. Ülke nüfusunun neredeyse altıda biri İstanbul’da yaşadığından konu önemlidir. Örgün ve kaliteli eğitimin kalkınma, demokratikleşme ve insani refah açısından önemi herkesçe kabul edilmektedir. Bu tezde, İstanbul devlet ilköğretim okullarında okuyan öğrencilerin 2009-2010 eğitim öğretim yılındaki etkinliği ölçülüp, değerlendirilmiştir. Öğrencinin kendi odası olup olmadığı, aile geliri, anne eğitim düzeyi ve baba eğitim düzeyi girdi olarak, SBS (Seviye Belirleme Sınavı) puanları çıktı olarak kullanılmıştır. Tezde ilk olarak ham SBS değerleri kullanılarak süper etkinlik değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Bahsi geçen girdiler ve çıktı kullanılarak olcege gore degisken getiri modeli ile çıktıya yönelik zarflama modeli kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra, kullanılan veri zarflama modeli yardımıyla sırası ile elde edilen SBS puanları, okul içi SBS hedef puanları ve bütün okullar SBS hedef puanları yardımıyla SBS puanı/ okul içi SBS hedef puanı oranı ile okul içi etkinlik skoru, SBS puanı/ bütün okullar SBS hedef puanı oranı ile tüm okullar içindeki etkinlik skoru, tüm okullar içindeki etkinlik skoru/ kendi okulu içi etkinlik skoru oranı ile İstanbul'daki ilköğretim okullarının etkinlik skoru elde edilmiştir. Bu oranlar her öğrenci için ayrı ayrı hesaplanmıştır. Her okulun kendi öğrencilerine katkısını ölçen okul etkinlik skorunun ortalaması alınarak okulun toplam katkısı ölçülmüştür. Bu oranlar yardımıyla gidebilecekleri en iyi okula gitmesi durumunda ulaşabileceği durumu eşit olan öğrencilerden oluşan okullar ile şu an gitmiş oldukları okulun katkısı ile ulaşmış olduğu durumu farklı olan öğrencilerden oluşan okulların kıyaslanmasıyla okulların verimlilik durumu belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel olarak gelir gurubuna bağlı olarak okul etkinliği incelenmis ve genel olarak gelir seviyesine bağlı olarak öğrencinin okul etkinliğinin artmış olduğu bulgusu elde edilmiştir. Veri Zarflama Analizi, Verimlilik, Eğitim, ANOVA, Süper Etkinlik
MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ISTANBUL’S PRIMARY SCHOOLS BY USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS As highlighted in the title, the purpose of the thesis is to measure how effective İstanbul’s primary schools carry out “teaching‟. This topic is important because one sixth of Turkey’s population lives in İstanbul. The importance of formal and quality education for development, democratization and human welfare is accepted by everyone. In this thesis, for intended purpose, the effectiveness of the Istanbul’s primary schools was measured over the period 2009-2010. Has a room, Family Income Level, Education level of mother and Education level of father are used as inputs whereas SBS- placement test scores as output. Initially, the raw SBS scores were used to compute super efficiency. The inputs and output which are mentioned before were used for output oriented envelopment Data Envelopment Analysis model. Then, SBS scores, within school scores and all school scores were obtained by DEA model and these scores provided us SBS Scores/ Within Target which is within efficiency, SBS Scores/ All School Target which is all efficiency and finally the ratio of all efficiency/ within efficiency that is Istanbul`s school efficiency was calculated. Both scores are computed for each and every student separately. Averaging school efficiency scores of a school’s students measures that particular institutions overall contribution. Through the instrumentality of these ratios the best schools which have the students who can reach based on their full capacity and the schools which have the students who attain their own school were compared and the efficiency was determined. Also, One-way ANOVA was used to specify any significant difference between the school efficiencies of the students in different income levels and the result was discovered that is school efficiency and income levels are statistically significant. Key Words: Data Envelopment Analysis, Efficiency, Education, ANOVA, Super Efficiency
MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ISTANBUL’S PRIMARY SCHOOLS BY USING DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS As highlighted in the title, the purpose of the thesis is to measure how effective İstanbul’s primary schools carry out “teaching‟. This topic is important because one sixth of Turkey’s population lives in İstanbul. The importance of formal and quality education for development, democratization and human welfare is accepted by everyone. In this thesis, for intended purpose, the effectiveness of the Istanbul’s primary schools was measured over the period 2009-2010. Has a room, Family Income Level, Education level of mother and Education level of father are used as inputs whereas SBS- placement test scores as output. Initially, the raw SBS scores were used to compute super efficiency. The inputs and output which are mentioned before were used for output oriented envelopment Data Envelopment Analysis model. Then, SBS scores, within school scores and all school scores were obtained by DEA model and these scores provided us SBS Scores/ Within Target which is within efficiency, SBS Scores/ All School Target which is all efficiency and finally the ratio of all efficiency/ within efficiency that is Istanbul`s school efficiency was calculated. Both scores are computed for each and every student separately. Averaging school efficiency scores of a school’s students measures that particular institutions overall contribution. Through the instrumentality of these ratios the best schools which have the students who can reach based on their full capacity and the schools which have the students who attain their own school were compared and the efficiency was determined. Also, One-way ANOVA was used to specify any significant difference between the school efficiencies of the students in different income levels and the result was discovered that is school efficiency and income levels are statistically significant. Key Words: Data Envelopment Analysis, Efficiency, Education, ANOVA, Super Efficiency