Publication: Bireysel başvuru mekanizmalarında pilot karar usulü
Abstract
Hem İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi hem de T.C. Anayasa Mahkemesi aynı yapısal sorundan kaynaklanan çok sayıda benzer başvurunun çözüme kavuşturulması için bireysel başvuru yolunda pilot karar usulünü uygulamaktadır. İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesinin içtihat yoluyla ürettiği bu karar tipi, İHAM içtihadında oldukça sistematikleştirilmiş ve içtihadi bir birikime sahip olmuştur. Mahkeme Kuralları’nda kayıt altına alınan pilot karar usulü, AYM tarafından da benimsenmiş ve Anayasa Mahkemesi İç Tüzüğü’nde düzenlenmiştir. Pilot karar usulünün ne olduğunu, Türk mevzuatındaki ve uygulamasındaki yapısal sorunların neler olduğunu ortaya koyan ve bunlara ilişkin getirilebilecek çözüm önerilerini ileri süren bu tez iki bölümden oluşturmaktadır. Tezin birinci bölümünde İHAM’ın üretmiş olduğu pilot karar usulünün tarihi, pilot kararın unsurları ve pilot karar çeşitleri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda tam pilot kararlar haricinde İHAM’ın Türkiye ile ilgili vermiş olduğu pilot karara benzeyen ihlal kararları tespit edilerek incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise AYM’nin İç tüzük’te düzenlemiş olduğu pilot karar usulü aktarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Ardından AYM’nin bugüne kadar vermiş olduğu pilot kararlar detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Akabinde yapısal sorun tespit edilen ve alınması gereken tedbirlerin belirlendiği kararlar sadece pilot kararlar olmadığı için AYM’nin yapısal sorun tespit ettiği diğer kararları ortaya konarak bu kararlarda AYM’nin uyguladığı usul ve sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Son olarak da hem pilot karar hem de yapısal sorun tespit edilen diğer kararlar bağlamında problemli görülen hususlar çerçevesinde çözüm önerileri ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.
Both the European Court of Human Rights and the Turkish Constitutional Court apply the pilot-judgment procedure in the individual application procedure in order to resolve a large number of similar applications stemming from the same structural problem. This type of judgment produced by the European Court of Human Rights through jurisprudence has been highly systematised in the case-law of the ECtHR and has accumulated a body of jurisprudence. The pilot-judgment procedure, which is regulated in the Rules of Court, has also been adopted by the Turkish Constitutional Court and regulated in the Internal Regulations of the Court. This thesis, which sets out what the pilot-judgment procedure is, what the structural problems in Turkish legislation and practice are, and proposes possible solutions to these problems, consists of two parts. In the first part of the thesis, the history of the pilot-judgment procedure produced by the ECtHR, the elements of the pilot-judgment and the types of pilot-judgments are tried to be presented. In this context, apart from the full pilot judgments, the violation judgments similar to the pilot judgments of the ECtHR on Turkey were identified and analysed. In the second part, the pilot-judgment procedure regulated by the Turkish Constitutional Court in its Internal Regulations of the Court is explained. Then, the pilot-judgments rendered by the Constitutional Court so far are analysed in detail. Subsequently, since the judgments in which structural problems are identified and the measures to be taken are not only pilot judgments, the other judgments of the Constitutional Court in which structural problems are identified are presented and the procedure and problems applied by the Constitutional Court in these judgments are analysed. Finally, in the context of both the pilot-judgment and other judgment where structural problems were identified, it was tried to put forward solution proposals within the framework of the problematic issues.
Both the European Court of Human Rights and the Turkish Constitutional Court apply the pilot-judgment procedure in the individual application procedure in order to resolve a large number of similar applications stemming from the same structural problem. This type of judgment produced by the European Court of Human Rights through jurisprudence has been highly systematised in the case-law of the ECtHR and has accumulated a body of jurisprudence. The pilot-judgment procedure, which is regulated in the Rules of Court, has also been adopted by the Turkish Constitutional Court and regulated in the Internal Regulations of the Court. This thesis, which sets out what the pilot-judgment procedure is, what the structural problems in Turkish legislation and practice are, and proposes possible solutions to these problems, consists of two parts. In the first part of the thesis, the history of the pilot-judgment procedure produced by the ECtHR, the elements of the pilot-judgment and the types of pilot-judgments are tried to be presented. In this context, apart from the full pilot judgments, the violation judgments similar to the pilot judgments of the ECtHR on Turkey were identified and analysed. In the second part, the pilot-judgment procedure regulated by the Turkish Constitutional Court in its Internal Regulations of the Court is explained. Then, the pilot-judgments rendered by the Constitutional Court so far are analysed in detail. Subsequently, since the judgments in which structural problems are identified and the measures to be taken are not only pilot judgments, the other judgments of the Constitutional Court in which structural problems are identified are presented and the procedure and problems applied by the Constitutional Court in these judgments are analysed. Finally, in the context of both the pilot-judgment and other judgment where structural problems were identified, it was tried to put forward solution proposals within the framework of the problematic issues.
Description
Keywords
alınması gereken tedbirler, Anayasa Mahkemesi İç Tüzüğü, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi (AİHM), bireysel başvuru, European Court of Human Rights, individual application, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi Mahkeme Kuralları, internal regulations of the Court, Kamu hukuku, Pilot karar usulü, Pilot-judgment procedure, Public law, remedial measures, rules of Court, structural problem, T.C. Anayasa Mahkemesi, Turkish Constitutional Court, Türkiye, yapısal sorun
