Publication: Haber ajanslarının kamuoyunu etkileme fonksiyonları ve Türkiye-Azerbaycan karşılaştırması (“Anadolu” ve “Azertac” örneği)
Abstract
ÖZETKitle iletişim araçlarının gelişimi hiç şüphesiz haber ajanslarının ortaya çıkması sonucunda günümüzdeki konumuna ulaşmıştır. Haber ajansı, haberin üretir ve hızlı bir biçimde bu haberin yayınlar. XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Avrupa’da (Fransa’da) ilk Haber ajansının (“Havas”) kurulmasının ilk nedeni, tüketiciye yeteri kadar objektif (nötr) bilgi vermek gerekliliği olmuştur. Tam da o zamandan yenilikler sadece politik mücadele aracı olmakla kalmayarak emtiaya, pazar hedefine dönüşmeye başlamıştır. O zamanlardan günümüze kadar, hangi ajansının bilgisi ne kadar net olursa, müşteri sayısı da o kadar çok oluyordu.Günümüzde tartışma konusu, hangi medya tekniğinin siyasal iletişimde daha etkin olduğudur; televizyon mu, gazete mi, yeni medya mı? Genel olarak bir değerlendirme yapılırken bu listeye medya sektörünün en büyük haber tedarikçisi olan haber ajansları da dahil edilmelidir. Özellikle ulusal veya uluslararası etkinliği olan haber ajanslarının siyasal iletişimin altyapısını oluşturduğu unutulmamalıdır.Haber ajanslarının siyasi iletişimde de büyük rol oynadığını dikkate alırsak siyasilerin ve üzerindeki rolünü tahmin edebiliriz. Devletler yapılarına bağlı olmaksızın haber ajanslarının hepsinin bilgi toplama ve yayma çalışmasında her zaman aktif olmuşlardır. Buna mülkiyet, gözetim, tarif ve komünikasyon imtiyazları, sansür gibi birtakım tedbirler dahildir. Devletin bu ilgisi sadece uluslararası kapsamda kendi ülkesinin itibarını yaymak çabasıyla değil, aynı zamanda politik ve ekonomik, iç ve dış etkin haberler almak arzusuna da bağlı olmuştur.Birçok ülkelerde olduğu gibi Azerbaycan ve Türkiye’de kurulan ilk haber ajansları cumhurbaşkanlarının teşebbüsü ve katılımı ile kurulmuştur. Bunlar Azerbaycan’da “AzerTAc”, Türkiye’de ise “Anadolu” ajanslarıdır. Bu tezde “AzerTAc” ve “Anadolu” ajanslarının ortaya çıkmasını tetikleyen nedenler, tarihi benzerlik, kuruluşlarından günümüze kadar görülen işler, dış ilişkileri, dünya haber ajansı sektöründeki yerleri karşılaştırma yolu ile ele alınmıştır. Haber ajansları, Devlet Haber Ajansları, Anadolu Ajansı, AzerTac ajansı, Kitle İletişim Araçları.
ABSTRACTThe development of mass media has undoubtfully reached its present state because of the appearance of the news agencies. A news agency generates news and broadcasts them swiftly. The first reason for the establishment of the first news agency (‘Havas’) in Europe (in France) in the second half of 19th century was the necessity to provide people with enough objective (neutral) information. Exactly from that time on, innovations were not only a tool of political struggle but also they began to turn into the commodity, the market target. From that time to nowadays, the clearer the information an agency has, the more customers they have had. Today’s subject of discussion is which media method is more effective in political communication: television, newspaper or the new media. While an overall evaluation is being made, news agencies that are the biggest news providers of the media sector must be added to this list as well. It should especially be noted that the news agencies, which have national or international activities, set up the substructure of political communication. Considering that news agencies play a major role in political communication, we are able to predict the part of politicians on them. Regardless of their structures, the states have always been active in the process of collection and publication of information by all news agencies. This includes some sort of measures such as possession, surveillance, depiction and communication privileges, and censorship. This interest of the state is not only to spread its own reputation within the international scope, but it is also dependent on the desire to receive effective political, economic, internal, and external news. As in many other countries, the first news agencies in Azerbaijan and Turkey have been founded thanks to the initiations and the participation of the presidents. These are the agencies named as ‘AzerTAc’ in Azerbaijan and ‘Anadolu’ in Turkey. In this thesis, the reasons that triggered the emergence of ‘AzerTAc’ and ‘Anadolu’ agencies, historical similarities, the acts that have been done since their establishment, external affairs, their position in the world news agency sector, the presidency elections in a comparative way. Key Words: News agencies, State News Agencies, Anadolu Agency, AzerTac agency, Mass Media Tools.
ABSTRACTThe development of mass media has undoubtfully reached its present state because of the appearance of the news agencies. A news agency generates news and broadcasts them swiftly. The first reason for the establishment of the first news agency (‘Havas’) in Europe (in France) in the second half of 19th century was the necessity to provide people with enough objective (neutral) information. Exactly from that time on, innovations were not only a tool of political struggle but also they began to turn into the commodity, the market target. From that time to nowadays, the clearer the information an agency has, the more customers they have had. Today’s subject of discussion is which media method is more effective in political communication: television, newspaper or the new media. While an overall evaluation is being made, news agencies that are the biggest news providers of the media sector must be added to this list as well. It should especially be noted that the news agencies, which have national or international activities, set up the substructure of political communication. Considering that news agencies play a major role in political communication, we are able to predict the part of politicians on them. Regardless of their structures, the states have always been active in the process of collection and publication of information by all news agencies. This includes some sort of measures such as possession, surveillance, depiction and communication privileges, and censorship. This interest of the state is not only to spread its own reputation within the international scope, but it is also dependent on the desire to receive effective political, economic, internal, and external news. As in many other countries, the first news agencies in Azerbaijan and Turkey have been founded thanks to the initiations and the participation of the presidents. These are the agencies named as ‘AzerTAc’ in Azerbaijan and ‘Anadolu’ in Turkey. In this thesis, the reasons that triggered the emergence of ‘AzerTAc’ and ‘Anadolu’ agencies, historical similarities, the acts that have been done since their establishment, external affairs, their position in the world news agency sector, the presidency elections in a comparative way. Key Words: News agencies, State News Agencies, Anadolu Agency, AzerTac agency, Mass Media Tools.