Publication: Tanzimat'tan önce Osmanlı modernleşmesi
Abstract
Bu makale, Tanzimat Dönemi'nden önce Osmanlı Türkiye'sindeki reform ihtiyacına bağlı olarak gelişen yenileşme ve değişim sürecini, modernleşme ve batılılaşma kavramlarını, çağdaşlaşma hamlelerini ana hatlarıyla ele almaktadır. Böylece Şark Meselesi eksenindeki uluslararası ortamda Osmanlı'nın hayatta kalma mücadelesi, İmparatorluğun içinde bulunduğu durum, tarihi devamlılık ve modernleşme çabaları ekseninde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin tarihi temelleri irdelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle tarihsel bir süreklilik içinde modernleşme ve batılılaşma kavramları zemininde, Osmanlıda hissedilen değişim rüzgârları ve buna bağlı olarak yapılan ilk ıslahat hareketlerinde Batının taklidinin olmadığı tespit edildikten sonra modern manada Batı değerlerinin askeri, siyasi ve idari hedefler olarak şekillendiği, III. Selim'le başlayan ve II. Mahmud'la büyük bir ivme kazanan modernleşme çabaları üzerinde duruldu. Modernleşme sürecinin etkisiyle Osmanlı Devleti'nin klasik bürokratik yapısının XIX. yüzyılda köklü bir değişim geçirerek, II. Mahmud'la, idari sistemin o dönemin gereklerine göre yeniden düzenlenip nasıl çağdaş ve merkezi bir hükümet yapısı oluşturulduğu ele alındı. Böylelikle Batı müesseselerinin adeta Osmanlı Devleti'ne aktarılma sürecini oluşturacak olan Tanzimat Dönemi'nin de tarihi ve fikri alt yapısı değerlendirilmiş oldu.
This article focuses on the modernization process of the Ottoman Turkey before the Tanzimat, in which step by step reconstructing the state and community began in accordance with Western standards and values. The study reveals the historical and scientific factors within the framework of modernization and westernization according to the needs of the Ottoman reform. Thus one has to rethink of the Ottoman Turkish modernization and discuss how and under the which conditions the Ottoman Empire became modernized or westernized in the nineteenth century. First, it is shown that there was no tendency to imitate the West in the plans for change and the initial reform movement. Ottoman perception of Europe during the Tanzimat, however, was dramatically changed. The new western values were adopted and shaped under the military, political, administrative and executive orders, and ongoing modernization process began with Sultan Selim III and continued under Sultan Mahmut II. With the modernization process, a radical change in the classic Ottoman bureaucratic structure took place. This study focuses on how Mahmud II reorganized the administrative system according to the requirements of a centralized government structure and the then contemporary world. The progress of modernization and westernization initiative which affected the emergence of the Tanzimat and its historical and intellectual foundations are discussed.
This article focuses on the modernization process of the Ottoman Turkey before the Tanzimat, in which step by step reconstructing the state and community began in accordance with Western standards and values. The study reveals the historical and scientific factors within the framework of modernization and westernization according to the needs of the Ottoman reform. Thus one has to rethink of the Ottoman Turkish modernization and discuss how and under the which conditions the Ottoman Empire became modernized or westernized in the nineteenth century. First, it is shown that there was no tendency to imitate the West in the plans for change and the initial reform movement. Ottoman perception of Europe during the Tanzimat, however, was dramatically changed. The new western values were adopted and shaped under the military, political, administrative and executive orders, and ongoing modernization process began with Sultan Selim III and continued under Sultan Mahmut II. With the modernization process, a radical change in the classic Ottoman bureaucratic structure took place. This study focuses on how Mahmud II reorganized the administrative system according to the requirements of a centralized government structure and the then contemporary world. The progress of modernization and westernization initiative which affected the emergence of the Tanzimat and its historical and intellectual foundations are discussed.