Publication: İslam hukukunda vakıf gayri menkullerinin kiraya verilmesi usulleri ve icareteyn
Abstract
TEZ ÖZETİ Vakıf, insanın yapısında bulunan yardımlaşma ve başkalarının ihtiyaçlarını giderme duygusunu maddi plana taşıyan bir müessesedir. Hukuki ve sosyal yönleriyle birlikte çok eski zamanlardan günümüze kadar insanlığın hizmetinde bulunan vakıf, İslamiyetle birlikte daha farklı ve zengin bir muhteva kazanmıştır. Sahip olduğu hükmi şahsiyetiyle ulaşabildiği kadar uzun zaman dilimleri boyunca kişilere ve topluma kesintisiz ve sürekli hizmet vakfın amacı olmuştur. Vakıf müessesesi, cami, medrese, hamam, yol, köprü, çeşme gibi abidelerle bu hizmeti yürütürken, diğer yandan da sürekliliği sağlamak açısından buralardaki hizmetler esnasında ihtiyaç duyulacak harcamaları karşılamak amacıyla, vâkıflar tarafından sabit gelir kaynakları aranmış ve bunlar oluşturulmuştur. Bu kaynaklar arasında; ev ve dükkan yerleri hazırlayarak buraları kiraya vermek suretiyle işletme, en önemli ve en çok kullanılan bir yoldur. Zaman içerisinde şartlar ve ihtiyaçlar doğrultusunda oldukça çeşitli kiralama usulleri denenmiştir. Bir giriş, üç ana bölüm ve bir değerlendirmeden oluşan bu tezimizde bu usuller üzerinde durduk. Giriş bölümünde vakıf ve kiralamayla ilgili verilerek, tarih içerisinde vakfın göstermiş olduğu gelişmeler de bunlara ilave edilmiştir. Özellikle usullerle ilgili yapılan tasniflerden biri; kısa süreli olanlar ve uzun süreli olanlar, ayrımını ön plana çıkartarak iki ayrı başlık halinde bu uygulamaları teker teker incelemektedir. Bu bölümde, Kısa süreli kira akdi olarak icare-i vahide girişiyle, bilinen normal kira sözleşmesi şartlarında uygulanan usule dair bilgi verildi. Arkasından uzun süreli kira akitlerinden; uzun süreli icare-i vahide, icâre-i vahide-i kadime, mukataa ve icâreteyn akitleriyle, marsad ve gedik uygulamaları hakkındaki esaslara yer verildi. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümde de bu uygulamalardan biri olan icâreteyn usulü, hukuki ve tarihi bütün yönleriyle konu edinildi. Bu bölümlerde söz konusu usulün ortaya çıkışı, gelişmesi, sahip olduğu şartlar, hakkındaki tartışmalar, tarafları, hükümleri, özellikleri ve nihayet bozularak sona ermesiyle ilgili gerekli bilgiler ayrıntılı olarak yer aldı. En son değerlendirme kısmında da ulaşılan bilgiler ışığında bir sonuca varılmaya çalışılmış, icâreteyn uygulaması günümüz anlayışı çerçevesinde yorumlanmıştır. Benzeri uygulamalara da atıfta bulunmak suretiyle konu olabildiğince açıklığa kavuşturulmaya gayret edilmiştir. Murat BEYAZTAŞ THE
OF THESIS Wakfs are foundations wich some good senses of humans shows in the real life. Wakfs have helped to the humanity during the history with their social and lagally aspects with İslam it has gained a different and rich content. Its first aim is to help people and population. While its helps were contining with mosques, medresseh, tradational Turkish bath, roads, bridges, fountains; on the other hand, for the expences, income sources were searced and found. The first and the most important way was building shops, houses and renting these buildings. During the time according to the conditions and needs different types of hiring ways were tried. In this investigation that has an entry part, three main part and a commentery part. We studied on these ways. In the entry part same general knowledges about wakf and renting were given and the development of wakf during the time were added to these knowledges. Especialy in the first part, one of the classifications about these ways short time and long time renting classification was prefered and these ways were examined under two different topics by one by. In this part under the topic of İcare-i Vahide as Short Time Renting, knowledges about normal hiring kontract were given. Then knowledges were given about the topics of long time icare-i vahide, icare-i vahide-i kadime, mukataa, icareteyn, marsad and the application of gedik. In the second and third part the icaretyn way which are of that applications was investigated with its historical and legally aspect. In this part the faundation of this way, its devolopment, conditions, discussions about this way, rules, pecularities and its collapsion were told with its details. At the and in the commentary part according to knowledge which we got we tried to arrive a result and the way of icaretyn was commented through todays understanding. And by giving exanple applications the object was tried to be become clear. Murat BEYAZTAŞ
OF THESIS Wakfs are foundations wich some good senses of humans shows in the real life. Wakfs have helped to the humanity during the history with their social and lagally aspects with İslam it has gained a different and rich content. Its first aim is to help people and population. While its helps were contining with mosques, medresseh, tradational Turkish bath, roads, bridges, fountains; on the other hand, for the expences, income sources were searced and found. The first and the most important way was building shops, houses and renting these buildings. During the time according to the conditions and needs different types of hiring ways were tried. In this investigation that has an entry part, three main part and a commentery part. We studied on these ways. In the entry part same general knowledges about wakf and renting were given and the development of wakf during the time were added to these knowledges. Especialy in the first part, one of the classifications about these ways short time and long time renting classification was prefered and these ways were examined under two different topics by one by. In this part under the topic of İcare-i Vahide as Short Time Renting, knowledges about normal hiring kontract were given. Then knowledges were given about the topics of long time icare-i vahide, icare-i vahide-i kadime, mukataa, icareteyn, marsad and the application of gedik. In the second and third part the icaretyn way which are of that applications was investigated with its historical and legally aspect. In this part the faundation of this way, its devolopment, conditions, discussions about this way, rules, pecularities and its collapsion were told with its details. At the and in the commentary part according to knowledge which we got we tried to arrive a result and the way of icaretyn was commented through todays understanding. And by giving exanple applications the object was tried to be become clear. Murat BEYAZTAŞ