Publication: İnşaat sektöründeki̇ ergonomi̇k ri̇skleri̇n değerlendi̇ri̇lmesi̇ ve bi̇r uygulama
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İnsanın etkileşimde bulunduğu bütün unsurları insanın özelliklerine uygun olacak şekilde tasarlamayı amaç edinen ergonomideki önemli konulardan bir tanesi de risk değerlendirmesidir. Başta boyun, sırt, bilek, kol, omuz ve bacaklar olmak üzere çeşitli vücut bölgelerinin riske maruz kalma düzeyinin belirlendiği risk değerlendirmesinde Hızlı Tüm Vücut Değerlendirmesi (REBA), Hızlı Üst Ekstremite Değerlendirmesi (RULA) ve Hızlı Maruziyet Değerlendirme (HMD) gibi çeşitli yöntemler bulunmaktadır. Ancak risk seviyesi sektörlere göre değişmektedir. İnşaat sektörü en riskli sektörlerden biridir ve önemine binaen bu çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, en tehlikeli sektörlerden biri olan inşaat sektöründe ergonomik risk değerlendirme tekniklerini uygulayarak risk düzeylerini ortaya koymaktır. Ayrıca, diğer bir amaç da, ülkemizde, inşaat sektöründe, işverenler arasında Kas İskelet Hastalıklarının (KİH) önlenmesi veya ortaya çıkmasının azaltılması için erken aşamada proaktif risk değerlendirmesine sahip olmanın önemi konusunda bilgi ve farkındalık yaratmaktır. Çalışmada kullanılan metodoloji temel olarak beş adımdan oluşmaktadır. İnşaat sektörüne uygun Ergonomik Risk Değerlendirme (ERD) tekniklerinin belirlenmesi ile başlayan süreç, inşa sürecindeki sık tekrarlanan faaliyetlerin belirlenmesi, ERD tekniklerinin ilgili faaliyetler için uygulanması, karşılaştırılmalı analizlerin yapılması ve yorumlanması ile devam ederek, iyileştirme önerilerinin yapılması ile bitmektedir. Bir Türk inşaat firmasındaki riskleri ortaya çıkarmak için REBA, RULA ve HMD uygulanmıştır. İki farklı site inşaatının farklı kısımlarında yapılan incelemelerde; REBA metodu uygulandığında 7 duruşta yüksek risk, 5 duruşta orta risk; RULA metodu uygulandığında 8 duruşta çok yüksek risk, 4 duruşta orta risk; HMD metodu uygulandığında ise 2 duruşta çok yüksek risk, 7 duruşta yüksek risk, 3 duruşta ise düşük risk oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen veriler göstermektedir ki; her ne kadar usta olarak adlandırılsalar da, çalışanlar sağlıklı ve güvenli çalışmayı bilmemektedirler
Risk assessment is one of the important topics of ergonomics, which aims to design all the elements interacting with the human being by considering the properties of human beings. There are various methods, including Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC), which are used to determine the risk levels by considering mainly the body parts such as the neck, back, wrist, arms, shoulders and legs. However, the level of risk varies according to the sectors. The construction sector is one of the riskiest sectors and is discussed in this study due to its importance. The aim of this study is to reveal the risk levels by applying ergonomic risk assessment techniques in the construction sector, which is one of the most dangerous sectors. Besides, another aim is to raise knowledge and awareness about the importance of having proactive risk assessment at an early stage to prevent or reduce the occurrence of Musculoskeletal Diseases (MSD) among employers in the construction industry in our country. The methodology used in the study basically consists of five steps. The process, which starts with the determination of Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) techniques suitable for the construction industry, goes on with the determination of frequently repeated activities in the construction process, the application of ERA techniques for the relevant activities, performing and interpretation of comparative analyses and finally ends with the improvement suggestions. REBA, RULA, and QEC were applied to reveal the risks in a Turkish construction company. In the examinations made in different parts of the construction of two different sites; When the REBA method is applied, 7 tasks indicate high risk, 5 tasks are at medium risk; When the RULA method is applied, very high risk is observed in 8 tasks, medium risk is observed in 4 tasks; When the QEC method is applied, it has been determined that it creates a very high risk in 2 tasks, high risk in 7 tasks, and low risk in 3 tasks. The resulting data show that; Although they are called masters, employees do not know how to work healthily and safely. Keywords: Ergonomics, Risk assessment, Construction sector, REBA, RULA, QEC
Risk assessment is one of the important topics of ergonomics, which aims to design all the elements interacting with the human being by considering the properties of human beings. There are various methods, including Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC), which are used to determine the risk levels by considering mainly the body parts such as the neck, back, wrist, arms, shoulders and legs. However, the level of risk varies according to the sectors. The construction sector is one of the riskiest sectors and is discussed in this study due to its importance. The aim of this study is to reveal the risk levels by applying ergonomic risk assessment techniques in the construction sector, which is one of the most dangerous sectors. Besides, another aim is to raise knowledge and awareness about the importance of having proactive risk assessment at an early stage to prevent or reduce the occurrence of Musculoskeletal Diseases (MSD) among employers in the construction industry in our country. The methodology used in the study basically consists of five steps. The process, which starts with the determination of Ergonomic Risk Assessment (ERA) techniques suitable for the construction industry, goes on with the determination of frequently repeated activities in the construction process, the application of ERA techniques for the relevant activities, performing and interpretation of comparative analyses and finally ends with the improvement suggestions. REBA, RULA, and QEC were applied to reveal the risks in a Turkish construction company. In the examinations made in different parts of the construction of two different sites; When the REBA method is applied, 7 tasks indicate high risk, 5 tasks are at medium risk; When the RULA method is applied, very high risk is observed in 8 tasks, medium risk is observed in 4 tasks; When the QEC method is applied, it has been determined that it creates a very high risk in 2 tasks, high risk in 7 tasks, and low risk in 3 tasks. The resulting data show that; Although they are called masters, employees do not know how to work healthily and safely. Keywords: Ergonomics, Risk assessment, Construction sector, REBA, RULA, QEC
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Zorlutuna A., Kılıç H. S., "İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDEKİ ERGONOMİK RİSKLERİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE BİR UYGULAMA", International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, cilt.34, sa.1, ss.14-26, 2022
