Publication: Ömer Seyfettin’in hikâyelerinde anlatım özellikleri
Abstract
Türk edebiyatının sözlü ve yazılı tarihine bakıldığında tahkiyeli metin türlerinin oldukça eskiye dayandığı görülmektedir. Modern anlamda hikâye ise Türk edebiyatına 19. yüzyılda Tanzimat Dönemi’yle birlikte girmiştir. Batı edebiyatı örnek alınarak edebiyatımıza giren modern hikâye, geleneğimizde var olan hikâyecilik anlayışıyla harmanlanarak olgunlaşma aşamasına zamanla gelmiştir. Modern Türk hikâyeciliğinin önemli bir temsilcisi olan Ömer Seyfettin kısacık ömrüne pek çok hikâye sığdırmış, Maupassant tarzı hikâyenin Türk edebiyatında gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Türkçülük ideolojisine sahip olan yazar, o zamana kadar Doğu ve/ veya Batı’ya dönük olan Türk edebiyatının artık kendi özüne dönmesi gerektiğini düşünmüş, yerli ve millî bir edebiyat oluşturmayı kendine görev edinmiştir. Sanatkâr yönünün yanında fikir adamı ve asker kişiliğinin de verdiği misyonla hikâyelerinin pek çoğunda öncelikli hedefi, halka millî bir bilinç aşılamak olmuştur. Mesaj kaygısı gütmeden yazdığı mizahi hikâyelerinde ise okura tebessüm ettirebilmiştir. Bir sanatçının başarısını ne anlattığı kadar nasıl anlattığı da belirler. Kullandığı anlatım özellikleri yani üslup, sanatçının kendisine hastır ve onun bir nevi imzası niteliğindedir. Her büyük sanatçı gibi Ömer Seyfettin’in başarısında da içeriğin yanında kullandığı anlatım özelliklerinin önemi büyüktür. “Yeni Lisan” makalesiyle dilde sadeleşme hareketine de öncülük eden yazarın hikâyelerinde kullandığı sade dil, ayrıca dikkat çeken bir hususu oluşturmaktadır. Ömer Seyfettin hakkında bugüne kadar pek çok çalışma yapılmasına rağmen hikâyelerinde kullandığı anlatım özellikleri üzerinde henüz detaylı ve derli toplu bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Çalışmamızın amacı Ömer Seyfettin’in gözden kaçan bu yönünü incelemek ve bu sayede edebî gücünü bir kez daha ortaya koymaktır.
Narrative text types have roots that run deep in the history of spoken and written Turkish literature. However, the story—as we know it today—made its appearance in Turkish literature during the Tanzimat period in the 19th century. Since then, the blend of our traditional storytelling practices and the modern story which is modeled after Western literature has matured a great deal. Ömer Seyfettin, who is one of the most important authors in modern Turkish story writing, published a substantial number of stories despite his short time on earth and significantly contributed to the development of Maupassant-like stories in Turkish literature. Espousing the pan-Turkism ideology, the author, who believed that Turkish literature should abandon imitating West and/ or East and be brought back to its roots, devoted himself to constituting a local and national literature. Thus, he combined his artistic facet with his intellectual and military virtues and made it his first mission to infuse national consciousness in society. In his humorous stories, on the other hand, he just aimed to entertain the readers without feeling the urge to convey a moral message. The success of a writer is defined by how a story is being told as well as the story itself. The narrative techniques an author uses reflect his unique tone and can be thought of as a sort of signature. Like all successful authors, not only the content of his works but also his narrative skills made a crucial contribution to Ömer Seyfettin’s success. The author also pioneered in the ‘New Language’ movement which aimed at purifying Turkish and therefore stood out for the plain language he employed in his stories. Although we can find several studies about Ömer Seyfettin himself, his narrative qualities have never been researched in a thorough and well-organized way. The aim of this study is to examine the narrative qualities of the author which are often overlooked and to unravel the literary competence he possesses.
Narrative text types have roots that run deep in the history of spoken and written Turkish literature. However, the story—as we know it today—made its appearance in Turkish literature during the Tanzimat period in the 19th century. Since then, the blend of our traditional storytelling practices and the modern story which is modeled after Western literature has matured a great deal. Ömer Seyfettin, who is one of the most important authors in modern Turkish story writing, published a substantial number of stories despite his short time on earth and significantly contributed to the development of Maupassant-like stories in Turkish literature. Espousing the pan-Turkism ideology, the author, who believed that Turkish literature should abandon imitating West and/ or East and be brought back to its roots, devoted himself to constituting a local and national literature. Thus, he combined his artistic facet with his intellectual and military virtues and made it his first mission to infuse national consciousness in society. In his humorous stories, on the other hand, he just aimed to entertain the readers without feeling the urge to convey a moral message. The success of a writer is defined by how a story is being told as well as the story itself. The narrative techniques an author uses reflect his unique tone and can be thought of as a sort of signature. Like all successful authors, not only the content of his works but also his narrative skills made a crucial contribution to Ömer Seyfettin’s success. The author also pioneered in the ‘New Language’ movement which aimed at purifying Turkish and therefore stood out for the plain language he employed in his stories. Although we can find several studies about Ömer Seyfettin himself, his narrative qualities have never been researched in a thorough and well-organized way. The aim of this study is to examine the narrative qualities of the author which are often overlooked and to unravel the literary competence he possesses.