Publication: Katar ve Suudi Arabistan’ın siyasi ve ekonomik ilişkilerinin bölgesel etkileri
Abstract
Arap yarımadasının Kuzeydoğusunda, Basra Körfezi kıyısında yer alan ve coğrafi olarak nisbeten küçük tüzölçümüne sahip Katar; doğal kaynaklar açısından zengiliğiyle öne çıkan bir Arap ülkesidir. Yine Arap yarımadasında, kızıldenizden Basra körfezine uzanana Suudi Arabistan yüzölçümü olarak bölgenin büyük ülkelerdinden olmasının yansıra, yeraltı zenginlikler açısından da önemli bir ülkesidir. Bu iki ülkenin karşılaştırlmalı olarak yeraltı kaynaklarında; Katar’ın doğalga, Suudi Arabistan’ın ise petrol rezervleri açıısndan önplana çıktığı görülmektedir. Arap yarımadasın da komşu olan Katar ve Suudi Arabistan, siyasi ve ekonomik bakımından farklı özelliklere sahiptirler. OPEC ve Körfez İşbirliği Teşkilatı gibi birliktelikler içinde yer almışlardır. Yeraltı kaynaklarının değerlendirlmesi bağlamında, Rantiyer ekonominin çeşitli aşamalarını uygulayarak, ihracattan elde ettikleri gelirlerle ekonomik faaliyetlerini sürdürmektedirler. Siyasi bağlamd, Katar ile Suudi Arabistan 1866’dan bu yana süren çekişme ve bölgede liderlik yarışı devam etmektedir. Süregelen çekişmelerın bölgesel birlikteliklere ve bölgenin bütünlüğüne olumsuz etkileri olmuş ve Arap yarımadasınında ayrışmalara ve siyasal kutplaşmalarla sonuçlanmıştır. Çalışma içersinde ekonomik büyümenin kriteri olarak alınan GSYİH değerlendirilmesinde; Katar doğalgaz, Suudi Arabistan ise petrol gelirleriyle öne çıkmaktadır. Bu iki ülkenin Körfez İşbirliği Teşkilatına yaptığı katkılar, yıllar itibariyla ekonometrik değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Matamatiksel modellerle Granger Nedensellik İlşkisi, Eşbütünleşme ve Birim Kök testleri uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Katar’ın doğalgaz rezervleri, üretimi ve ekonomik girdileri açıısndan bölgesel avantajlarının bulunduğu görülmüştür. Ekonomik büyümenin, doğalgaz üretimiyle tek yönlü Granger nedensellik ilişkide olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Böylece yüzölçümü açıısndan küçük olan Katar’ın doğalgaz üretimi ile öne çıktığı görülmüştür.
Located in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Qatar, which has a relatively small geographical scope, is an Arab country that stands out for its zenith in terms of Natural Resources. Saudi Arabia, which extends from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf, is also an important country in terms of underground riches. In comparison, the underground sources of these two countries show that Qatar has risen to the fore in terms of natural gas and Saudi Arabia in terms of oil reserves. Qatar and Saudi Arabia, which are also neighbors in the Arabian Peninsula, have different political and economic characteristics. They have been involved in associations such as OPEC and the Organization for Gulf Cooperation. In the context of the evaluation of underground resources, they continue their economic activities by applying various stages of the rentier economy with their income from exports. Political context, Qatar and Saudi Arabia have been in strife since 1866 and the race for leadership in the region continues. The ongoing strife has had negative effects on regional unity and the integrity of the region and has resulted in separations and political polarization in the Arabian Peninsula. In the assessment of GDP, which is taken as the benchmark for economic growth, Qatar stands out with its natural gas and Saudi Arabia with its oil revenues. The contributions of these two countries to the Organization of Gulf Cooperation have been evaluated econometrics over the years. Granger causality Association, Cointegration and unit root tests were applied with matametric models. According to the results obtained; Qatar has regional advantages in terms of natural gas reserves, production and economic inputs. It has been concluded that economic growth is in a one-way Granger causality relationship with natural gas production. Thus, it has been seen that Qatar, whose surface area is smaller than its angle, stands out with its natural gas production.
Located in the northeast of the Arabian Peninsula, on the coast of the Persian Gulf, Qatar, which has a relatively small geographical scope, is an Arab country that stands out for its zenith in terms of Natural Resources. Saudi Arabia, which extends from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf, is also an important country in terms of underground riches. In comparison, the underground sources of these two countries show that Qatar has risen to the fore in terms of natural gas and Saudi Arabia in terms of oil reserves. Qatar and Saudi Arabia, which are also neighbors in the Arabian Peninsula, have different political and economic characteristics. They have been involved in associations such as OPEC and the Organization for Gulf Cooperation. In the context of the evaluation of underground resources, they continue their economic activities by applying various stages of the rentier economy with their income from exports. Political context, Qatar and Saudi Arabia have been in strife since 1866 and the race for leadership in the region continues. The ongoing strife has had negative effects on regional unity and the integrity of the region and has resulted in separations and political polarization in the Arabian Peninsula. In the assessment of GDP, which is taken as the benchmark for economic growth, Qatar stands out with its natural gas and Saudi Arabia with its oil revenues. The contributions of these two countries to the Organization of Gulf Cooperation have been evaluated econometrics over the years. Granger causality Association, Cointegration and unit root tests were applied with matametric models. According to the results obtained; Qatar has regional advantages in terms of natural gas reserves, production and economic inputs. It has been concluded that economic growth is in a one-way Granger causality relationship with natural gas production. Thus, it has been seen that Qatar, whose surface area is smaller than its angle, stands out with its natural gas production.