Publication: Demokratikleş(tir)me sürecinde Suriye
Abstract
Günümüzde Ortadoğu’da ileri boyutta bir değişim süreci yaşanmaktadır. Bir taraftan küresel çapta cereyan eden demokratikleşme süreci bölge ülkelerini baskı altında tutarken, diğer taraftan ABD hükümeti demokrasi kavramını bölgede kendi çıkarları bağlamında kullanmaktadır. Üstelik ABD, Suriye’yi kitle imha silahlarına sahip olmakla, uluslararası teröre destek vermekle ve demokratik bir yönetime sahip olmamakla suçlamaktadır. Suriye’ye yönelik siyasi ve ekonomik yöndeki dış baskılar ülkenin varlığını tehdit etmektedir. Suriye’de şu ana kadar siyasi ve iktisadi alanda gerçekleştirilen reformlar rejimin otoriter yapısını önemli ölçüde değiştirmemiştir. Bununla beraber son zamanlarda artan baskı ve tehditler ülkede daha yoğun bir reform sürecine yol açmıştır. Bu durum, Suriye’deki rejimin geleceğini tehdit etmektedir. Bu çalışmada iki temel nokta üzerinde odaklanmıştır. Birincisi, Suriye'deki demokratikleşme süreci neden iç dinamikler vasıtasıyla gerçekleştirilememektedir? İkincisi, siyasi ve hatta askeri yöndeki dış baskılar Suriye’de gerçek bir demokrasiye yol açabilir mi? Bu sorulara uygun yanıtlar verebilmek için ülkedeki siyasi aktörlerin ve siyasi sistemin durumunu ve ABD’nin bölge üzerindeki siyasi ve ekonomik amaçları incelendi.
The whole Middle East Region has currently been undergone tok a drastic process of transformation. On one hand, the countries of the region are under the constant influence of the democratisation process worldwide. On the other hand, The United States Goverment is using the concept of democracy in the context of its own interests. Furthermore, United States is accusing Syria possesing weapons of mass destruction, sponsoring international terrorism and lacking of a democratic goverment within the country. The external pressures forcing the Syrian State tok carry out social and political reforms threaten its existence. Until now the reforms initiated in the political and the economical fields did not result in a significant change in the autocratic structure of the regime. However, recently growing pressures and threats have lead tok a more extensiv reform procedure. This situation is threating the future of the current regime. Within the context of our project, we are focusing on two questions. First, why Syria’s democratisation process cannot be achieved through internal dynamics? Secondly, might the external political and military pressures lead tok a real democracy in Syria? We have examined the role of the internal political actors and the current political system as well as the political and the economical aims of the United States on the region tok give adequat responses tok these questions.
The whole Middle East Region has currently been undergone tok a drastic process of transformation. On one hand, the countries of the region are under the constant influence of the democratisation process worldwide. On the other hand, The United States Goverment is using the concept of democracy in the context of its own interests. Furthermore, United States is accusing Syria possesing weapons of mass destruction, sponsoring international terrorism and lacking of a democratic goverment within the country. The external pressures forcing the Syrian State tok carry out social and political reforms threaten its existence. Until now the reforms initiated in the political and the economical fields did not result in a significant change in the autocratic structure of the regime. However, recently growing pressures and threats have lead tok a more extensiv reform procedure. This situation is threating the future of the current regime. Within the context of our project, we are focusing on two questions. First, why Syria’s democratisation process cannot be achieved through internal dynamics? Secondly, might the external political and military pressures lead tok a real democracy in Syria? We have examined the role of the internal political actors and the current political system as well as the political and the economical aims of the United States on the region tok give adequat responses tok these questions.