Publication: Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır ve Seyyid Kutub’un tefsirlerinde nehiy âyetlerinin yorumu : analitik bir çalışma
Abstract
Nehiy âyetleri dinî ve hukukî bakımdan önemli bir konuma sahiptir. Bu âyetlerden hukukiiçeriğe sahip olanlar “ahkâmü’l-Kur’ân” tefsirlerinde daha geniş bir biçimde ele alınmıştır. İnançve ahlak konularındaki nehiy âyetlerinin yorumuna dair genellikle bu ilim dallarında farklı eserlerkaleme alınmıştır. Genel nitelikli tefsir kitaplarında ise bu konular müfessirinin ilgi ve bilgisinegöre farklı şekillerde işlenmiştir.Yirminci yüzyıl müfessirlerinden Elmalılı Hamdi Yazır ve Seyyid Kutub’un tefsirlerinin nehiyâyetlerinin yorumu çerçevesinde tahlil edildiği bu tezde konu bir giriş ve üç bölüm halindeincelenmektedir. Çalışmanın başında nehiy konusu öncelikle lugavi ve ıstılahi yönden ele alınmış,ardından tespit edilen nehiy âyetleri belagî yönleri ve konu içerikleri bakımından incelenmiştir.Türk müfessir Elmalılı’nın nehiy âyetleri ile ilgili yorumlarında müellifin fıkhî geçmişine paralelolarak sarih nehiy âyetlerini geniş bir şekilde ele aldığı görülmüştür. Ancak mecazî nehiylerle ilgilifazla bir değerlendirmede bulunmayarak klasik tefsirlerden nakiller yapmıştır. Mısırlı müfessirSeyyid Kutub’un nehiy âyetlerini yorumunda hareket ve davet metodu ile ilgili görüşlerininyanında düşünce merkezinde yer alan şirk, hâkimiyet ve câhiliye kavram ve konularına yüklediğikişisel anlamlar hâkimdir. İsrâiliyat konusunda aynı mesafeli karşı duruşu sergileyen iki müfessir,tefsirlerinde yer yer zayıf hadislere de yer vermişlerdir. Elmalılı’nın geniş fıkhî açıklamalarınakarşılık Kutub’un, fıkhî açıklamalara yer vermekle birlikte içtimai ve insani yönlere daha fazlavurgu yaptığı görülmüştür. Kutub’un ahkam âyetleriyle ilgili bu yaklaşımı Kur’an nassınınatmosferinden uzaklaşılmaması gerektiğine dair anlayışından kaynaklansa gerektir.
Qur’anic verses that are related with prohibition have an important position in terms ofreligion and law. These verses are discussed in different extents in the books of ahkam alQur'an. Different works have been written about the ones related to morality and belief. Ingeneral tafsir books, these subjects are handled in different ways according to the interest andknowledge of the commentator.In this thesis, in which the commentaries of Elmalili Hamdi Yazir and Sayyid Qutb, who aretwentieth century commentators, are analyzed within the framework of the interpretation ofthe prohibition verses, the subject is examined in one introduction and three chapters. At thebeginning of work, prohibition (al-nahy) was discussed technically, then the verses of prohibitionwere determined and examined in terms of rhetoric and subject content. In Turkishcommentators Elmalili's comments on the prohibition verses, it was seen that the author dealtwith the some verses, that is related with jurisprudence, in a broad way in parallel with her fiqhbackground. However, he did not make much evaluation about figurative prohibitions and madetransfers from classical commentaries. In the interpretation of the verses of prohibition,Egyptian commentator Sayyid Qutb's personal meanings ascribed to the concepts and subjectsof polytheism, domination and ignorance (jahiliya), which are in the center of thought, aredominant, as well as his views on the method of movement and invitation (dawah). The twocommentators, who had the same distanced stance on the issue of Isrā’iliyyāt (Jewish legends),included weak hadiths in their commentary of the Qur’an. In contrast to Elmalılı's extensive fiqhexplanations, it has been seen that Qutb beside the fiqh explanations, mentions social andpsychological aspects more broadly. Qutb's approach to the verses of judgment must be due tohis understanding that the atmosphere of the Qur'anic text should not be strayed away from.
Qur’anic verses that are related with prohibition have an important position in terms ofreligion and law. These verses are discussed in different extents in the books of ahkam alQur'an. Different works have been written about the ones related to morality and belief. Ingeneral tafsir books, these subjects are handled in different ways according to the interest andknowledge of the commentator.In this thesis, in which the commentaries of Elmalili Hamdi Yazir and Sayyid Qutb, who aretwentieth century commentators, are analyzed within the framework of the interpretation ofthe prohibition verses, the subject is examined in one introduction and three chapters. At thebeginning of work, prohibition (al-nahy) was discussed technically, then the verses of prohibitionwere determined and examined in terms of rhetoric and subject content. In Turkishcommentators Elmalili's comments on the prohibition verses, it was seen that the author dealtwith the some verses, that is related with jurisprudence, in a broad way in parallel with her fiqhbackground. However, he did not make much evaluation about figurative prohibitions and madetransfers from classical commentaries. In the interpretation of the verses of prohibition,Egyptian commentator Sayyid Qutb's personal meanings ascribed to the concepts and subjectsof polytheism, domination and ignorance (jahiliya), which are in the center of thought, aredominant, as well as his views on the method of movement and invitation (dawah). The twocommentators, who had the same distanced stance on the issue of Isrā’iliyyāt (Jewish legends),included weak hadiths in their commentary of the Qur’an. In contrast to Elmalılı's extensive fiqhexplanations, it has been seen that Qutb beside the fiqh explanations, mentions social andpsychological aspects more broadly. Qutb's approach to the verses of judgment must be due tohis understanding that the atmosphere of the Qur'anic text should not be strayed away from.