Publication: İlk yetişkinlik dönemindeki zihin yetersizliği olan bireylerin ailelerinin bu döneme uyum sürecinde yaşadıkları deneyimler ve gereksinimlerinin belirlenmesi
Abstract
Bu araştırmada, ilk yetişkinlik döneminde zihin yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip ailelerin
çocuklarının bu dönemine uyum sürecinde yaşamış oldukları deneyimleri öğrenmek
ve bu dönemdeki gereksinimlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma nitel araştırma
yöntemlerinden fenomenolojik desen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada 17-45 yaş
aralığında, ilk yetişkinlik döneminde zihin yetersizliği olan çocuğa sahip 12 aile ile yarıyapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmış ve elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemi ile
analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgularda, yetişkinlik dönemine
giren zihin yetersizliği olan bireylerin davranışsal, duygusal, sosyal, fiziksel ve serbest
zamanı etkinliklerinde değişiklikler gösterdiği, daha bilinçli oldukları ve sosyalleşme
isteklerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca katılımcılar çocuklarında takıntı, öfke
sorunlarının arttığı ve ailelerin yönlendirmesinin devam ettiğini belirtmişlerdir. Bununla
birlikte katılımcıların çoğunluğu çocuklarının yetişkinlik dönemine uyum sağladıklarını
belirtirken bir kısmı uyum sağlamak zorunda kaldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcıların
yetişkin çocuklarının ilk yetişkinlik dönemindeki gereksinimlerine bakıldığında da en
çok günlük yaşam ve öz bakım becerilerini gerçekleştirmekte çocuklarının
gereksinimleri olduğu ifade etmişlerdir. Ailelerin ise çocuklarının topluma
kazandırılması, ailelere eğitim ve psikolojik destek, maddi destek, toplum
bilinçlendirilmesi, eğitim planı uygulanması ve evde eğitsel destek alma gibi hizmetlere
gereksinim duyduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Bununla birlikte ailelerin çocuklarının davranış
problemleri kaynaklı, çocuğunu yalnız bırakamaması ve özbakım becerilerini
sağlayamaması gibi yaşadıkları zorluklarda en çok çocuğuyla iletişim kurarak baş
ettikleri bunun yanında rehabilitasyon merkezlerindeki öğretmen veya psikologlardan
destek aldıkları görülmüştür. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgulara göre ilk yetişkinlik
dönemindeki zihin yetersizliği olan bireylerin ve ailelerin yaşam kalitelerini artırmak, ailelerin bakım yüklerini azaltmak amacıyla, bu bireyler için eğitsel, psikolojik, sosyal
ve istihdam yönlerinden desteklenecekleri kurum ve yapılar oluşturulması, hizmetler
planlanması önerilmektedir.
In this study, it was aimed to learn the experiences of the children of families with children with intellectual disability in the first adulthood period during the adaptation process and to determine their needs in this period. The research was carried out with a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. In the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 families who have a child with intellectual disability in the first adulthood between the ages of 17- 45 and the data obtained were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the research, it was seen that individuals with intellectual disability who entered the adulthood period showed changes in their behavioral, emotional, social, physical and leisure time activities, they were more conscious and their socialization desires increased. In addition, the participants stated that their children's obsession and anger problems increased and the guidance of their families continued. However, while the majority of the participants stated that their children adapted to the adulthood period, some of them stated that they had to adapt. When we look at the needs of the adult children of the participants in their first adulthood, they stated that their children's needs are mostly in performing their daily life and self-care skills. It has been revealed that families need services such as reintegrating their children into society, educational and psychological support to families, financial support, raising public awareness, implementing an education plan, and receiving educational support at home. In addition, it has been observed that families cope with the difficulties they experience, such as not being able to leave their children alone and providing self-care skills, due to their children's behavioral problems, by communicating with their children, and they also receive support from teachers or psychologists in rehabilitation centers. According to the findings of the study, it is recommended to create institutions and structures and plan services to support individuals and families with intellectual disabilities in their early adulthood in terms of educational, psychological, social and employment in order to increase their quality of life and reduce the burden of care for families.
In this study, it was aimed to learn the experiences of the children of families with children with intellectual disability in the first adulthood period during the adaptation process and to determine their needs in this period. The research was carried out with a phenomenological design, one of the qualitative research methods. In the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 families who have a child with intellectual disability in the first adulthood between the ages of 17- 45 and the data obtained were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the research, it was seen that individuals with intellectual disability who entered the adulthood period showed changes in their behavioral, emotional, social, physical and leisure time activities, they were more conscious and their socialization desires increased. In addition, the participants stated that their children's obsession and anger problems increased and the guidance of their families continued. However, while the majority of the participants stated that their children adapted to the adulthood period, some of them stated that they had to adapt. When we look at the needs of the adult children of the participants in their first adulthood, they stated that their children's needs are mostly in performing their daily life and self-care skills. It has been revealed that families need services such as reintegrating their children into society, educational and psychological support to families, financial support, raising public awareness, implementing an education plan, and receiving educational support at home. In addition, it has been observed that families cope with the difficulties they experience, such as not being able to leave their children alone and providing self-care skills, due to their children's behavioral problems, by communicating with their children, and they also receive support from teachers or psychologists in rehabilitation centers. According to the findings of the study, it is recommended to create institutions and structures and plan services to support individuals and families with intellectual disabilities in their early adulthood in terms of educational, psychological, social and employment in order to increase their quality of life and reduce the burden of care for families.
Description
Citation
Cebecik Akgül R., AYDIN A., \"Ilk Yetişkinlik Dönemindeki Zihin Yetersizliği Olan Bireylerin Ailelerinin Bu Döneme
Uyum Sürecinde Yaşadıkları Deneyimler ve Gereksinimlerinin Belirlenmesi\", 11. Uluslararası Bilimsel Çalışmalar Kongresi (UBCAK), Elazığ, Türkiye, 2 - 03 Mayıs 2023
