Publication: Geçmişten günümüze çocuklar için yazılmış tecvid müellefatı
Abstract
Tecvid ilminin gâyesi Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’i okurken Rabbimizin “Kur’ân’ı tane tane oku” (Müzemmil 73/ 4) emrine uyarak ona itaat etmek, dili her türlü hata, noksan ve fazlalıktan koruyarak dünya ve ahirette mesuliyetten kurtulmaktır. Tecvid ilmini bilmek farz-ı kifâyedir, ancak lahn-ı celîden (büyük hatadan) kurtaracak kadar tecvid ile amel etmek her mükellef üzerine farz-ı ayındır. Hulâsa, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in Allah’ın kelamı olması cihetiyle mutlaka güzel ve düzgün okunması elzemdir. Eğitimin en akılda kalıcı ve öğrenimin daha çabuk olduğu dönem olması hasebiyle çocuklara küçük yaşta verilmesi gereken en önemli eğitimlerden biri de Kur’ân kıraatinin öğretilmesidir. Çocukların doğru bir kıraatinin olabilmesi için tecvid öğrenimi şarttır. Çocuklar için bu konuda kaleme alınmış eserlere baktığımızda karşımıza ilk olarak Süleyman el-Cemzûrî'nin (d. 1160/ ö.?) yazdığı Tuhfetü'l-Etfâl adlı eseri çıkmaktadır ama çocuklar için yazılmış ilk Türkçe tecvid kitabı hakkında net bir kaynak bulunmamaktadır. Türkçe olarak yazılmış ilk tecvid kitapları, genellikle Tuhfetü'l-Etfâl'in Türkçeye çevrilmiş versiyonlarıdır. Süleyman el-Cemzûrî'nin (d. 1160/ ö.?) yazdığı Tuhfetü'l-Etfâl (61 beyitten oluşan bu eser), özellikle Arapça konuşulan ülkelerde çocuklar için yazılmış ilk tecvid kitaplarından biridir ve Türkçeye de çevrilmiştir. Türkçe olarak çocuklar için özel olarak hazırlanmış tecvid kitapları zaman içinde çoğalmıştır. Çocuklar için farklı metodlarla başka eserler tedvin edilmekle beraber bu eserlerden bazıları üzerine yapılan birkaç münferit çalışma dışında günümüze kadar genel bir çerçeve çizilmemiş, konunun artı ve eksi yönleri mukayese edilmemiştir. Hem son dönem çocuk tecvid kitapları hakkında hem de genel olarak çocuk tecvid kitapları üzerine Türkçe akademik bir çalışma olmaması bu konuda çalışmayı gerekli kılmıştır. Bu konuda akademik bir çalışma yapmanın amacı çocuk tecvid müellefatına katkı sağlamak isteyen ve çocuk tecvid öğretiminde yer alan her bireyin başvuracağı, faydalanacağı bir kaynak ortaya çıkarmaktır. Ayrıca çocuk tecvid eserlerinde geçmişten günümüze nasıl bir yol izlenildiğini pozitif ve negatif yönleriyle göstermek gaye edinilmiştir. Bu bağlamda araştırmamızda başta çocuk ve tecvidin tanımı, önemi, çocukluk dönemleri, erken yaşta tecvid eğitiminin ehemmiyeti ve çocuklar için kaleme alınan kitapların taşıması gereken nitelikler gibi temel hususlardan bahsedilmiş, ardından çocuklara yönelik yazılan Arapça, İngilizce ve Türkçe tecvid kitaplarının müellifleri kısaca tanıtılmış ve yazdıkları eserler ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise incelenen eserler dil, muhteva, usul, metot ve boyut gibi hem içeriksel hem de biçimsel bakımdan çocuklara uygunluğu açısından değerlendirilmiş, kendi aralarında mukayese edilerek bu alanda eser telif edecekler için genel bir perspektif sunulmuştur.
The purpose of the science of tajweed is to obey our Lord’s order “Recite the Qur'an with measured recitation” in Muzammil 73/ 4 while reading the Quran, by protecting the tongue from all kinds of mistakes, deficiencies and excesses and to be free from responsibility in this world and the hereafter. Knowing the science of tajweed is fard kifayah. However, it is an obligation on every responsible person to act with tajweed to the extent that it will save him from a great mistake. In short, since the Holy Quran is the word of Allah, it must definitely be read beautifully and correctly. Teaching children how to recite the Quran at a young age is one of the most important lessons, as it is the most memorable and quickest period in education. Learning tajweed is essential for children to have accurate recitation. When we look at works written for children on this subject, the first work we encounter is Suleyman al-Jamdhuri's (b. 1160/ d.?) work, Tuhfat al-Atfal, but there is no clear source for the first Turkish tajweed book written for children. The first tajweed books written in Turkish are generally versions of Tuhfat al-Atfal. Tuhfat al-Atfal (comprising 61 couplets), written by Suleyman al-Jamdhuri (d. 1160/ d.?), is one of the first tajweed books written for children, especially in Arabic-speaking countries, and has also been translated into Turkish. Tajweed books specifically prepared for children in Turkish have increased over time. While other works have been compiled for children using different methods; apart from a few isolated studies on some of these works, no overall framework has been established to date, nor have the pros and cons been compared. The lack of academic studies in Turkish on both recent children's Tajweed books and children's Tajweed books in general necessitated this study. The aim of this academic study is to create a resource that can be consulted and utilized by anyone wishing to contribute to children's Tajweed writing and those involved in teaching children the Tajweed. Furthermore, the aim is to demonstrate the positive and negative aspects of the path followed in children's Tajweed works from past to present. In this context, our research addresses fundamental issues such as the definition of children and tajweed, tajweed’s importance, childhood stages, the importance of tajweed education at an early age, and the qualities that books written for children should possess. Following this, the authors of Arabic, English, and Turkish tajweed books written for children are briefly introduced, and their works are examined in detail. In the final section, the examined works are evaluated in terms of their suitability for children in terms of both content and form, including language, content, methodology, method, and dimension. They are compared with each other, providing a general perspective for those who will write in this field.
The purpose of the science of tajweed is to obey our Lord’s order “Recite the Qur'an with measured recitation” in Muzammil 73/ 4 while reading the Quran, by protecting the tongue from all kinds of mistakes, deficiencies and excesses and to be free from responsibility in this world and the hereafter. Knowing the science of tajweed is fard kifayah. However, it is an obligation on every responsible person to act with tajweed to the extent that it will save him from a great mistake. In short, since the Holy Quran is the word of Allah, it must definitely be read beautifully and correctly. Teaching children how to recite the Quran at a young age is one of the most important lessons, as it is the most memorable and quickest period in education. Learning tajweed is essential for children to have accurate recitation. When we look at works written for children on this subject, the first work we encounter is Suleyman al-Jamdhuri's (b. 1160/ d.?) work, Tuhfat al-Atfal, but there is no clear source for the first Turkish tajweed book written for children. The first tajweed books written in Turkish are generally versions of Tuhfat al-Atfal. Tuhfat al-Atfal (comprising 61 couplets), written by Suleyman al-Jamdhuri (d. 1160/ d.?), is one of the first tajweed books written for children, especially in Arabic-speaking countries, and has also been translated into Turkish. Tajweed books specifically prepared for children in Turkish have increased over time. While other works have been compiled for children using different methods; apart from a few isolated studies on some of these works, no overall framework has been established to date, nor have the pros and cons been compared. The lack of academic studies in Turkish on both recent children's Tajweed books and children's Tajweed books in general necessitated this study. The aim of this academic study is to create a resource that can be consulted and utilized by anyone wishing to contribute to children's Tajweed writing and those involved in teaching children the Tajweed. Furthermore, the aim is to demonstrate the positive and negative aspects of the path followed in children's Tajweed works from past to present. In this context, our research addresses fundamental issues such as the definition of children and tajweed, tajweed’s importance, childhood stages, the importance of tajweed education at an early age, and the qualities that books written for children should possess. Following this, the authors of Arabic, English, and Turkish tajweed books written for children are briefly introduced, and their works are examined in detail. In the final section, the examined works are evaluated in terms of their suitability for children in terms of both content and form, including language, content, methodology, method, and dimension. They are compared with each other, providing a general perspective for those who will write in this field.