Publication: Ayfer Tunç’un romanlarında cinsiyet faktörü açısından kadın kimliği ve bu kimlik üzerinde eğitimin etkisi
Abstract
Toplumsal cinsiyet, kişilerin belirli toplumsal ve kültürel normlara göre belirlenen rollerini, davranışlarını ve toplumun bu kişilerden bu rollere dair beklentilerini ifade eder. Toplum, kadınlardan ve erkeklerden beklenen belirli rolleri tanımlar ve bireyler bu beklentilere uygun davranışlar sergilemeye yönlendirilir. Dolayısıyla bu kavram, cinsiyetin biyolojik bir unsur olmasından çok sosyal, kültürel ve psikolojik bir olgu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kadın, uzun yıllardır sadece cinsiyetine atfedilen özelliklerle tanımlanmış, kendisine biçilen toplumsal rollerin içinde sıkışmış ve kendini var etmek için her dönemde karşı cinse göre daha fazla çaba sarf etmek zorunda kalmıştır. Kadının artık sosyal hayatta, iş hayatında daha fazla yer alması; konumunun değişmesi ona yüklenen rollerin de değişmesi ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Geçmişteki birçok yazarın eserlerinde yer alan kadın kahramanların psikolojik derinlikleri verilirken bile kadın kahramanların kendilerine zimmetlenmiş rollerin dışına çıkamadığını görürüz. Kadın yazarların görünürlükleri arttıkça Türk edebiyatında da kadın duyarlılığını ele alan yapıtların yanı sıra cinsiyetinden dolayı kadına biçilen rolleri ele alan ve bu rollere başkaldıran kadın kahraman seçimleri de artmaya başlamıştır. Kadınların sesinin yükselmeye başlamasıyla bu konuyu ilk ele alanlar da doğal olarak toplumsal cinsiyet rollerinin sıkıntısını çeken kadın yazarlarımız olmuştur. Ayfer Tunç’un feminist ve derinlikli bakış açısı, geçmişten günümüze tüm bu sıkıntılara şık tutacak niteliktedir. Eserlerinde genellikle toplumsal temaları işleyen Ayfer Tunç, bireyin toplum içinde ve cinsiyet dinamikleri eksenindeki rolüne özellikle değinir. Oluşturduğu karakterlerin duygusal zenginliği, toplumsal normlara karşı duruş ve başkaldırışları da oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Tunç'un kadın meselelerine bu kadar odaklanmasının temelinde toplumsal değişimi tetikleme ve farkındalık yaratma amacı öne çıkar. Bizim bu çalışmada asıl amacımız ise Ayfer Tunç’un vasıtasıyla toplumumuzun kadın algısına yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmak, gelişen ve değişen kadın kimliği ve rollerinin edebiyattaki yansımalarını değerlendirmek ve yorumlamaktır. Aynı zamanda Ayfer Tunç romanlarında hayat bulan kadınların kahramanların hayatlarında eğitimin, kadınların toplumsal rolleri ve kimlikleri üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirmektir.
Gender refers to the roles and behaviours of individuals determined according to certain social and cultural norms and society's expectations of these roles. Society defines certain roles expected of men and women and individuals are directed to exhibit behaviours in accordance with these expectations. Therefore, this concept reveals that gender is a social, cultural and psychological phenomenon rather than a biological element. For many years, women have been defined only by the characteristics attributed to their gender, have been stuck in the social roles assigned to them and have had to make more effort than the opposite sex in every period in order to exist. The fact that women are now more involved in social life and business life, and the change in her position has led to the need to change the roles attributed to her. Even when the psychological depths of the heroines in the works of many writers in the past are given, we see that the heroines cannot go beyond the roles imposed on them. As the visibility of women writers has increased, the number of works dealing with women's sensitivity in Turkish literature has also started to increase, as well as the selection of female protagonists who deal with the roles assigned to women because of their gender and who rebel against these roles. As women's voices began to rise, the first ones to address this issue were naturally women writers who suffered from gender roles. Ayfer Tunç's feminist and in-depth point of view has the qualities to shed light on all these problems from the past to the present. Ayfer Tunç, who generally deals with social themes in her works, especially touches upon the role of the individual in society and on the axis of gender dynamics. The emotional richness of the characters she creates, their stance and rebellion against social norms are also quite remarkable. Tunç's focus on women's issues is based on the aim of triggering social change and raising awareness. Our main aim in this study is to gain a new perspective on the perception of women in our society through Ayfer Tunç, to evaluate and interpret the reflections of the developing and changing female identity and roles in literature. At the same time, it is to evaluate the effects of education on the social roles and identities of women in the lives of the heroines of Ayfer Tunç novels.
Gender refers to the roles and behaviours of individuals determined according to certain social and cultural norms and society's expectations of these roles. Society defines certain roles expected of men and women and individuals are directed to exhibit behaviours in accordance with these expectations. Therefore, this concept reveals that gender is a social, cultural and psychological phenomenon rather than a biological element. For many years, women have been defined only by the characteristics attributed to their gender, have been stuck in the social roles assigned to them and have had to make more effort than the opposite sex in every period in order to exist. The fact that women are now more involved in social life and business life, and the change in her position has led to the need to change the roles attributed to her. Even when the psychological depths of the heroines in the works of many writers in the past are given, we see that the heroines cannot go beyond the roles imposed on them. As the visibility of women writers has increased, the number of works dealing with women's sensitivity in Turkish literature has also started to increase, as well as the selection of female protagonists who deal with the roles assigned to women because of their gender and who rebel against these roles. As women's voices began to rise, the first ones to address this issue were naturally women writers who suffered from gender roles. Ayfer Tunç's feminist and in-depth point of view has the qualities to shed light on all these problems from the past to the present. Ayfer Tunç, who generally deals with social themes in her works, especially touches upon the role of the individual in society and on the axis of gender dynamics. The emotional richness of the characters she creates, their stance and rebellion against social norms are also quite remarkable. Tunç's focus on women's issues is based on the aim of triggering social change and raising awareness. Our main aim in this study is to gain a new perspective on the perception of women in our society through Ayfer Tunç, to evaluate and interpret the reflections of the developing and changing female identity and roles in literature. At the same time, it is to evaluate the effects of education on the social roles and identities of women in the lives of the heroines of Ayfer Tunç novels.