Publication: Yeniçağ akılcı ve görgücü felsefelerinde zihin-kavram ilişkisi
Abstract
Akılcılık, Görgücülük, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Zihin, Ruh, Kavram Yeniçağ Akılcı ve Görgücü Felsefelerinde ZihinKavram İlişkisi Platon’daki zihin‐idea ilişkisi ile Aristoteles’in ruh kuramındaki formmadde karşıtlığı ya da energeia ve entelekhia ayrımından sonra felsefede zihin konusundaki ilk ciddi kuram Descartes tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Descartes zihni bedenden ayrı bir töz olarak ele almış ve bütün gerçek bilgilerin kaynağının zihnin dolaysız algısıyla ortaya çıkan kavramlarla oluşturulabileceğini söylemiştir. Bunun sonucunda ise bedeni bir makine olarak görmek zorunda kalmış ve sonrasında İngiliz filozof Ryle tarafından makinedeki hayalet metaforu ile eleştirilmiştir. Görgücülüğün önemli temsilcisi olan Locke, tabula rasa olarak kabul ettiği zihinde doğuştan hiçbir ilkenin bulunmadığını söyleyerek, bütün idelerimizin duyum ve düşünüm dediği deneyimden kaynaklandığını ileri sürmüştür. Bunun yanında Hume, görgücülüğü daha da ileri götürmüş, neden‐sonuç ilişkisinin insan zihninin soyutlamaları olduğunu söyleyerek bilimsel kuşkuculuğu benimsemiştir. Böylelikle, zihinsel kavrayışlar konusu, akılcı ve görgücü olarak tanımladığımız iki ayrı anlayış etrafında şekillenerek günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır.
Name and Surname İlyas Altuner Field Theology Programme Philosophy and Religious Sciences Supervisor Assist. Prof. İsmail Kıllıoğlu Degree Awarded and Date Master – July 2007 Rationalism, Empricism, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Mind, Soul, Notion Relation between Mind and Notion in Rationalist and Empricist Philosophies of New Age It has been developed by Descartes the first serious theory of the mind in philosophy after relation between mind and idea in Plato’s philosophy and formmatter dichotomy or distinction between actuality and entelechy in Aristotle’s theory of the soul. Descartes has approached the mental substance apart from the bodily and has told that the origin of whole truth knowledge could be maked by notions which arise from direct perception of the mind. Eventually he has been obliged seeing as machine and afterward has been criticized by Ryle the English philosopher on metaphor ghost in the machine. Locke who is important representative of empiricism, has claimed that all of our ideas has been based on experince which called by him as sensation and reflection saying that there is no innate principle in the mind which he presume it as tabula rasa. Hume has carried far the empiricism and also has accepted the scientific scepticism saying that relation between cause and affect is abstraction of the human mind. Thus, topic of the mental comprehension has arrived at our time taking shame around two different understanding which defined by us as rationalist and empiricist.
Name and Surname İlyas Altuner Field Theology Programme Philosophy and Religious Sciences Supervisor Assist. Prof. İsmail Kıllıoğlu Degree Awarded and Date Master – July 2007 Rationalism, Empricism, Descartes, Locke, Hume, Mind, Soul, Notion Relation between Mind and Notion in Rationalist and Empricist Philosophies of New Age It has been developed by Descartes the first serious theory of the mind in philosophy after relation between mind and idea in Plato’s philosophy and formmatter dichotomy or distinction between actuality and entelechy in Aristotle’s theory of the soul. Descartes has approached the mental substance apart from the bodily and has told that the origin of whole truth knowledge could be maked by notions which arise from direct perception of the mind. Eventually he has been obliged seeing as machine and afterward has been criticized by Ryle the English philosopher on metaphor ghost in the machine. Locke who is important representative of empiricism, has claimed that all of our ideas has been based on experince which called by him as sensation and reflection saying that there is no innate principle in the mind which he presume it as tabula rasa. Hume has carried far the empiricism and also has accepted the scientific scepticism saying that relation between cause and affect is abstraction of the human mind. Thus, topic of the mental comprehension has arrived at our time taking shame around two different understanding which defined by us as rationalist and empiricist.