Publication: Cumhuriyet Döneminde Türk sanatı araştırmaları ve yazımı (1923-1938)
Abstract
20. yüzyılın başlarına kadar “Türk sanatı” kavramı dünyada yapılan Oryantalist araştırmalarda henüz İslam sanatı kavramından müstakilleşmemişti. Dolayısıyla Türk sanatı alanında yapılan çalışmalar henüz kurumsal bir nitelik kazanmamış olup, münferit araştırmacılar tarafından yürütülmüştür. Bu kurumsallaşma eksikliğine, Türk sanatının hususiyetlerini tespit etmeye yarayacak sanat eserleri hakkında bilgi ve yayın eksikliği ile siyasi maksatlar da eklenince ortaya konulan yayınlarda Türk sanatı hakkında eksi k ve yanlış değerlendirmeler yapılması sonucu doğmuştur. Böyle bir dönemde Osmanlı’nın son döneminde yetişen pek çok araştırmacı Türkiye’de siyasi anlamda önemli bir dönüşümü gerçekleştiği 1920’li ve 1930’lu yıllarda sanat eserleri üzerine çalışmaya yönelmiş ve önceTürkiye’de akabinde dünya çapında kabul edilebilecek bir Türk sanatı kavramı ortaya koymaya çalışmıştır. Diğer taraftan 1933 yılında yeni yapılanan İstanbul Üniversitesi’nde eğitim yapılacak bir Sanat Tarihi Bölümü kurulması fikrine sıcak bak ıl ması, Türk sanatı araştırmalarının kurumsal bir mahiyet kazanmasının istenmesi bağlamında önemli bir veridir. Bu çalışmada ilk bölümde Türk sanatı araştırmalarının dünyada ve Türkiye’de ön plana çıkışı, Cumhuriyet döneminde milliyetçilik düşünceleri çer çevesinde gelişmesi Atatürk ün konuya bakışı ile ç alışmaları destekleyen öncü k urumlar ele alınmıştır . İkinci bölümde ise yapılan araştırmaların halka tanıtılmasını sağlayan konferanslar ve toplantılar ile seçilen yayın faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Bu konuda yeni tespitler ve yeniden yapılan değerlendirmeler ile hazırlanan araştırmanın temel kaynaklarını arşiv belgeleri, dönemingünlük gazeteleri gazeteleri, hatıralar gibi birinci elden kaynaklar ile ve araştırma eserleri oluşturmaktadır.
Until the early 20th century, the concept of ‘Turkish art’ was not yet independent from the concept of ‘Islamic art’ in the Orientalist perspective researches conducted in the world. Therefore, studies in the field of Turkish art have not yet gained an off icial characterand have been carried out by individual researchers. In addition to this lack of institutionalisation, there was also the problem of lack of information and publications on works of art that would help to identify the characteristics of Tur kish art. In addition, thepolitical views of that period resulted in incomplete and incorrect evaluations about Turkish art in the publications. In such a period, many Turkish researchers, who were born in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, turned to scientific studies on works of art in the 1920sand 1930s, when a significant political transformation took place in Turkey. They tried to create a concept of ‘Turkish art’ that could be scientifically recognised first in Turkey and then worldwide. On the other hand, the idea of establishing a Department of History of Artat Istanbul University, which was reorganised in 1933, is an important data in the context of the desire to institutionalise Turkish art research. In the first part of this study, the prominence of Turkish art research in the world and in Turkey, its development within the framework of the idea of nationalism in the Republican period, the view of the president Atatürk on the subject and the pioneeringinstitutions that support the studies are discussed. In the second part, research activities and archaeological excavations actively carried out in various fields on Turkish art are discussed. In the third part, the conferences and meetings and selected publication activities that enable the public to be introduced to the researches carried out are analysed. Archival documents, daily newspapers of the period, memoirs and research works constitute the main sources of this research prepared with new determinations and re evaluations on this subject.
Until the early 20th century, the concept of ‘Turkish art’ was not yet independent from the concept of ‘Islamic art’ in the Orientalist perspective researches conducted in the world. Therefore, studies in the field of Turkish art have not yet gained an off icial characterand have been carried out by individual researchers. In addition to this lack of institutionalisation, there was also the problem of lack of information and publications on works of art that would help to identify the characteristics of Tur kish art. In addition, thepolitical views of that period resulted in incomplete and incorrect evaluations about Turkish art in the publications. In such a period, many Turkish researchers, who were born in the last period of the Ottoman Empire, turned to scientific studies on works of art in the 1920sand 1930s, when a significant political transformation took place in Turkey. They tried to create a concept of ‘Turkish art’ that could be scientifically recognised first in Turkey and then worldwide. On the other hand, the idea of establishing a Department of History of Artat Istanbul University, which was reorganised in 1933, is an important data in the context of the desire to institutionalise Turkish art research. In the first part of this study, the prominence of Turkish art research in the world and in Turkey, its development within the framework of the idea of nationalism in the Republican period, the view of the president Atatürk on the subject and the pioneeringinstitutions that support the studies are discussed. In the second part, research activities and archaeological excavations actively carried out in various fields on Turkish art are discussed. In the third part, the conferences and meetings and selected publication activities that enable the public to be introduced to the researches carried out are analysed. Archival documents, daily newspapers of the period, memoirs and research works constitute the main sources of this research prepared with new determinations and re evaluations on this subject.