Modernizm ve modern sonrası çağda teknoloji tasarım ve insan-nesne ilişkisi

Abstract

Bugün pek çok düşünüre göre, bireysel eşitlik, özgürlük ve daha iyi bir yaşam vaadeden Modernlik iflas etmiş bir projedir. İçinde bulunulan bu dönemin bir geçiş dönemi olduğunu ve yeni bir toplumsal sistemin ortaya çıktığı düşünülmektedir. Bu değişim, R. Williams'in çalışmalarına dayanarak açıklanacak olursa, 1950' lerden sonra Üçüncü Sanayi Devrimi' nin gerçekleşmesi ile oluşmuştur. Bu devrimin temelinde nükleer enerji ve elektronik' sistemlerin bilgisayarlaşması, otomatikleşme, mikroelektronik teknolojisi, mikroçipler vardır. Bu yeni toplum için önerilen adların bolluğu, aynı şekilde, hem bir çeşitliliği, hem de bir çakışmayı göstermektedir. Bu evrim, yüzyıl önce Avrupa toplumlarını tarımsal bir toplumsal düzenden bir sanayi toplumu düzenine sokan dönüşüm kadar önemlidir. Yeni çağa yönelik adlandırmalar: Bilgi Toplumu, Tüketim Toplumu, Sanayi Sonrası Toplum, Post - Modern Çağ, Kapitalizm - Sonrası toplum, İletişim Çağı olarak konumlanmaktadır. Bilimdeki ve teknolojideki ilerlemeler ile kökenleri ilkel toplumlara kadar inen, Bauhouse da bilimsel temellere oturan tasarım olgusu ve tasarımcı bugün çok farklı bir konuma oturtulmuştur. Bauhouse ile başlayan nesnelerde işlevin yeri, modern dönemin anlamsızlaştırdığı nesne-insan ilişkisi ve mikroelektronikte ki gelişmeler, minyatürizasyon ile iletişim çağı olarak da nitelendirilen günümüzde biçim gerçek işlevin önüne geçerek anlam işlevinden sözedilir olmuştur.

Modernism which has been the centre of our believe, and behaviour for more than 300 years and the concept of the life brought by the modernism, the reconstruction of modernism and the world have been one of the most discussed problems. Modernism which is a project of western civilisations has affected on existence of the loss of individuals ( bireylik yitimi ) on the basis of moss culture and begun with the philosophy of intellectualism. The tendence to globalism which is the most glittery feature of the over consumption, and production age has effected on the style of the life and the traditions radically and caused in the loss of the culture in many countries. While having changes in the life and traditions objects also began to loose their culture. The objects has left being the objects of humanity. They gained different meanings besides having their functional meanings. In this age where everything, all the meaning have been based to consumption, the objects become merchandises ( üreten ) getting strangers (yabancılaşma) has been one of the most important things in the modern age. Even if we use termination of Baudrillard, the humanity left the strangers into being sclaves of the objects. The function of the object which began / with Bauhaus has left to the meaning of object with the develgements in micro electronic and miniaturization and the loss of the relation between the object and human with the modern age. The loss of duration which is seen in the style of life formed by the mass productions and the meaning got lost with the microtechnology in the relation between the object and human are the two big problems discussed by the designers after 1980's. The same designers tended to ecology, some of the them to mass production and global design of productions and some t object design which astethic meaning made by the4 groups such as Alchimia as Memphis carrying Post-modern details. The construction of the meaning of objects in the judged design is focussed on cultural pollution and ecology. The critics made for the new technology is focused on ecology and the relation between the object and the human. According to many philosophers the project of modernism which promises individual equalism, freedom and better life standards has been unsuccessful. It's been thougth that the present age is an very initial phase of a new public system. If this change is explaned by the studies of William, this change has occurred after 1950's with the third industrial revolution. The basis of this revolution consists of nuclear energy and the computism of the electronic systems automatiealism, the technology of micro electronics and the micro chips. The abundance of the names dedicated for this new community indicates both the variety and the confliction. This phase is as important as the transition from the agricultural life style into industrial life style hundred years ago in Europe. The dedicated names for this new age as XI follows; Information community, consumption community Post - industrial community, post-modern age, post capitalism community and communication age . The concept of design and designer have a different position today because of the developments in the Bauhaus science and technology they have scientific base with the Bauhaus.