Publication: 2013 Mısır darbesinin sosyolojik analizi
Abstract
2013 Mısır darbesi, Ortadoğu’daki siyasi dengeler üzerinde oldukça belirleyici olmuştur. Darbeden sonra farklı biçimleriyle İslami Hareketler, bölgede büyük bir gerileme yaşamış ve bazı yerlerde siyasetten çekildiklerini açıklamışlardır. Hatta Müslüman Kardeşlerin bazı ülkelerdeki yetkilileri, Müslüman Kardeşler’in bundan sonra sadece kültürel ve dini faaliyetler yürüten bir yapı olarak hayatiyetini sürdüreceğini ifade etmiştir. 2013 Darbesine ilişkin farklı dillerde siyaset bilimi ya da uluslararası ilişkiler alanlarında çeşitli çalışmalar yapılmış ancak sosyolojinin verileriyle yapılan çalışmalar oldukça sınırlı kalmıştır. Gerek yerel gerek bölgesel gerekse küresel ölçekte etkili olan darbeyi, akademide sosyoloji bölümlerinde son dönemlerde oldukça revaçta olan “Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler” (New Social Movements) teorisi açısından incelemek, etkileri Türkiye’ye kadar uzanan bir olguyu anlamak bakımından önem arzetmektedir. Bu çalışma boyunca Müslüman Kardeşler’in 25 Ocak Devrimi ve hemen sonrasında ortaya koyduğu başarının bu koalisyonla ilişkilerini canlı tutma, daha sonraki başarısızlığının da cemaatten devlete geçiş sürecindeki dönüşüm kapasitesindeki sınırlılıklarla ilgili olduğunu anlatmaya çalışacağız. Müslüman Kardeşler’in 25 Ocak Devrimi’ni birlikte yaptığı gruplarla ilişkilerindeki kopukluk ve daha sonra bu kopukluğun bölünmeye dönüşmesi, demokratikleşme ve geçiş sürecinin önündeki en büyük engel olduğu açıktı. Müslüman Kardeşler devletin dönüşümünün ve demokratikleşmesinin, eski rejimin artıklarını yönetimden uzaklaştırmasından geçtiğini bilmesine ragmen, diğer gruplarla geniş çaplı bir koalisyon yaparak eski rejimin adımlarını tasfiye edememiş olması, meselenin can alıcı noktasını oluşturduğunu düşünüyoruz. Müslüman Kardeşler, orduyla ittifak halindeki eski rejimin adamlarının yeniden siyaset sahnesine dönüşüne engel olamamış ve bunun bedelini oldukça pahalı bir şekilde ödemiştir.
The 2013 Egyptian coup d'état has been quite decisive on the political balances in the Middle East. After the coup, Islamic Movements in their different forms have experienced a great decline in the region and have announced their withdrawal from politics in some places. Officials of the Muslim Brotherhood in some countries have even stated that the Brotherhood will continue its life as a group that carries out only cultural and religious activities from now on. 2013 Coup d'état has been studied in different languages in the fields of political science or international relations, but studies with sociological data have remained quite limited. It is important to analyse the coup, which was effective both locally, regionally and globally, in terms of the concept sets of New Social Movements or Contentious Politics, which have recently been very popular in sociology departments in academia, in order to understand a phenomenon whose effects extend to Turkey. Throughout this study, we will try to explain that the Muslim Brotherhood's success in the 25 January Revolution and its immediate aftermath is related to its ability to keep its relations with this coalition alive, and its subsequent failure is related to the limitations in its transformation capacity in the process of transition from religious community to state. It was clear that the rupture in the Muslim Brotherhood's relations with the revolutioner groups with which it had fought the 25 January Revolution, and the subsequent transformation of this rupture into a split, was the biggest obstacle to the democratisation and transition process. Although the Muslim Brotherhood knew that the transformation and democratisation of the state depended on the removal of the remnants of the old regime from power, its inability to liquidate the steps of the old regime by forming a broad coalition with other groups is the crux of the matter. The Muslim Brotherhood could not prevent the return of the old regime's men, who were allied with the army, to the political scene and paid a very expensive price for this.
The 2013 Egyptian coup d'état has been quite decisive on the political balances in the Middle East. After the coup, Islamic Movements in their different forms have experienced a great decline in the region and have announced their withdrawal from politics in some places. Officials of the Muslim Brotherhood in some countries have even stated that the Brotherhood will continue its life as a group that carries out only cultural and religious activities from now on. 2013 Coup d'état has been studied in different languages in the fields of political science or international relations, but studies with sociological data have remained quite limited. It is important to analyse the coup, which was effective both locally, regionally and globally, in terms of the concept sets of New Social Movements or Contentious Politics, which have recently been very popular in sociology departments in academia, in order to understand a phenomenon whose effects extend to Turkey. Throughout this study, we will try to explain that the Muslim Brotherhood's success in the 25 January Revolution and its immediate aftermath is related to its ability to keep its relations with this coalition alive, and its subsequent failure is related to the limitations in its transformation capacity in the process of transition from religious community to state. It was clear that the rupture in the Muslim Brotherhood's relations with the revolutioner groups with which it had fought the 25 January Revolution, and the subsequent transformation of this rupture into a split, was the biggest obstacle to the democratisation and transition process. Although the Muslim Brotherhood knew that the transformation and democratisation of the state depended on the removal of the remnants of the old regime from power, its inability to liquidate the steps of the old regime by forming a broad coalition with other groups is the crux of the matter. The Muslim Brotherhood could not prevent the return of the old regime's men, who were allied with the army, to the political scene and paid a very expensive price for this.
Description
Keywords
2013 Egyptian Coup, 2013 July coup, 2013 Mısır Darbesi, 2013 Temmuz darbesi, Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, Abdülfettah es Sisi, Civil-military relations, coup, Coup d'etat, 2013, Darbe, Egypt, History, Hükümet darbesi, 2013, Mısır, New Social Movements, Political sociology, Politics and government, Sivil-asker ilişkileri, Siyasal sosyoloji, Siyaset ve yönetim, Social conditions, Sosyal durum, Tarih, Yeni Toplumsal Hareketler Civil-military relations
