Publication: Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezinin Toplamsal Olmayan Sabit Etkili Panel Kantil Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi
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Artan ekonomik büyüme, üretim miktarındaki artışın etkisiyle fosil yakıtların kullanımından kaynaklanançevreye salınan zararlı gazların miktarında artışa sebep olmaktadır. Sera gazı etkisi olarak bilinen bu etki,dünya genelinde küresel ısınmanın başlıca nedenlerinden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Çevresel Kuznetseğrisine göre, ekonomik büyüme çevresel kirleticilerin salınımını artırmakta fakat belli bir ekonomikbüyümeden sonra ülkelerin büyüme ve gelişmeleri, çevreye duyarlılığın artması, çevre dostu teknolojilerin veyenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması sebebiyle zararlı madde salınımında azalış meydana gelmektedir.Bu çalışmada 32 OECD ülkesinin 1993-2014 dönemi verileri kullanılarak karbondioksit emisyonunu etkileyenfaktörler toplamsal olmayan sabit etkili panel kantil regresyon modeliyle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada enerjikullanımındaki artışın emisyon miktarını artırdığı, kentleşme oranının, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminin, ticariaçıklığın ve finansal gelişmedeki artışın ise emisyon miktarını azalttığı yönünde bulgulara ulaşılmıştır. Yapılananaliz sonucunda OECD ülkelerinde farklı kantillerde Çevresel Kuznets eğrisi hipotezinin geçerliliği incelenmiş,teoriye göre karbondioksit emisyonu miktarı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin fonksiyonel şeklinin Nbiçiminde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çevresel Kuznets eğrisinin fonksiyonel şeklinin N biçiminde olmasına rağmenmodellerde bir dönüm noktasının olmadığı, bir büküm noktasının olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar,büküm noktasında emisyon miktarının azalmadığını, bu noktada eğim değiştirerek artışına devam ettiğinigöstermektedir.
Increased economic growth causes an increase in the amount of harmful gases released by the use of fossil fuels due to the increase in production amount. This effect, known as the greenhouse gas effect, is recognized as one of the main causes of global warming worldwide. According to the environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth increases the release of environmental pollutants, but after a certain economic growth, the growth and development of countries, the increase of environmental awareness, the use of environmentally friendly technologies and renewable energy sources decrease the release of harmful substances. In this study, the factors affecting the carbon dioxide emission by using the data of the period of 1993-2014 of the 32 OECD countries were analyzed by non-additive fixed effect panel regression model. In the study, it was found that the increase in energy usage increased the amount of emission, but the rate of urbanization, renewable energy consumption, commercial openness and increase in financial development decreased the amount of emissions. As a result of the analysis, the validity of the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in different quantiles in the OECD countries was examined and it was determined that the functional form of the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emission and economic growth was in N form. Although the functional shape of the Environmental Kuznets curve is N, it is found that there is no turning point in the models, but there is a twist point. The results show that the amount of emission at the twist point does not decrease, but continues to increase by changing the slope at this point.
Increased economic growth causes an increase in the amount of harmful gases released by the use of fossil fuels due to the increase in production amount. This effect, known as the greenhouse gas effect, is recognized as one of the main causes of global warming worldwide. According to the environmental Kuznets curve, economic growth increases the release of environmental pollutants, but after a certain economic growth, the growth and development of countries, the increase of environmental awareness, the use of environmentally friendly technologies and renewable energy sources decrease the release of harmful substances. In this study, the factors affecting the carbon dioxide emission by using the data of the period of 1993-2014 of the 32 OECD countries were analyzed by non-additive fixed effect panel regression model. In the study, it was found that the increase in energy usage increased the amount of emission, but the rate of urbanization, renewable energy consumption, commercial openness and increase in financial development decreased the amount of emissions. As a result of the analysis, the validity of the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in different quantiles in the OECD countries was examined and it was determined that the functional form of the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emission and economic growth was in N form. Although the functional shape of the Environmental Kuznets curve is N, it is found that there is no turning point in the models, but there is a twist point. The results show that the amount of emission at the twist point does not decrease, but continues to increase by changing the slope at this point.