Publication: İslâm-Osmanlı hukukunda kitâbet (mükâtebe) akdi
Abstract
Bu çalışmada İslâm hukukunda cari köle azat usullerinden biri olan kitâbet akdi ele alınmıştır. Bu akit köle ve efendisi arasında kurulmaktadır. Akdin yapılması umumiyetle “efendinin kölesini kitâbete kesmesi” şeklinde ifade edilmektedir. Kitâbete kesilen köleye “mükâteb” denilmektedir. Mükâteb mal veya menfaat olabilen muayyen bir bedeli efendisine ödemeyi borçlanmaktadır. Bunun karşılığında ehliyet kısıtlılığı kalkmakta, bazı tasarruflara ehil hale gelmektedir. Ayrıca o, mülkiyet hakkına sahip olmakta, buna binaen kazandıklarına mâlik hale gelmektedir. Kararlaştırılan bedeli efendisine ödeyen mükâteb hürriyetine kavuşmakta, aksi takdirde tekrar sıradan köle olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla kitâbet akdi devam ederken mükâtebin köleliği son bulmamaktadır. Bununla beraber bazı hususlarda hür mesabesinde olmaktadır.
In this study, the contract of mukātaba, which is one of the methods of freeing slaves in Islamic law, is discussed. This contract takes place between the master and his slave. Making a mukātaba contract is also expressed as the master is cutting his slave to the kitābat . The slave with whom mukātaba is made is called mukātab. A certain price is determined in the contract. The price can be property or benefit. In return, the competency restriction is lifted, and he becomes competent to make some treatment. In addition, he has the right to own property, thereby becomes the owner of what he has earned. The slave who pays the agreed price to his master gains his freedom, otherwise he becomes an ordinary slave again. Therefore, the slavery of the mukātab does not end while the contract continues. However, he becomes like free in some aspects.
In this study, the contract of mukātaba, which is one of the methods of freeing slaves in Islamic law, is discussed. This contract takes place between the master and his slave. Making a mukātaba contract is also expressed as the master is cutting his slave to the kitābat . The slave with whom mukātaba is made is called mukātab. A certain price is determined in the contract. The price can be property or benefit. In return, the competency restriction is lifted, and he becomes competent to make some treatment. In addition, he has the right to own property, thereby becomes the owner of what he has earned. The slave who pays the agreed price to his master gains his freedom, otherwise he becomes an ordinary slave again. Therefore, the slavery of the mukātab does not end while the contract continues. However, he becomes like free in some aspects.
Description
Keywords
Akit, Azat, Contract, Enfranchisement, Hukuk, Hürriyet, Islam, Itk, İslam, İslâm Hukuku, Kitâbet, Kölelik, Law, Liberty, Manumission, Mukātab, Mükâteb Islamic Law, Slavery, Turkey, Türkiye
