Publication: THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE WATER AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH EUTROPHICATION
Abstract
Ağır metaller sucul ekosistemlere doğal kaynakların yanısıra artan antropojenik baskılar (kentsel ve endüstriyel baskılar, yayılı kaynaklı baskılar, jeotermal kaynaklı baskılar) ile ulaşmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sucul canlılarda kanserojenik, birikimcilik ve toksik etki yapan ağır metallerin göllerde doğal bir süreç olan ötrofikasyon ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Ağır metallerin sucul ortamlardaki taşınım, çözünme, çökelme, kompleks oluşumu, adsorpsiyon ve biyoakümülasyon mekanizmaları oldukça karmaşık süreçler olup, suyun fizikokimyasal özelliklerinden etkilenmektedir. Ötrofikasyon prosesi ise sucul ortamların birçok fizikokimyasal özelliğini etkilemektedir. Ağır metallerin sucul ortamlardaki davranışları ile ötrofikasyon prosesinin karşılıklı etkileşimi sucul ortamın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik kalitesi üzerinde önemli etkilere sebep olmaktadır. Buna göre, ağır metal kirliliğine bağlı olarak sucul canlılarda tür sayısının azaldığı, bazı türlerin ortamdan kaybolduğu ya da ağır metallere toleransı yüksek olan türlerin ortamda baskın olduğu görülebilmektedir. Özellikle sucul canlıların karaciğer, solungaç gibi dokularında birikmekte ve besin zincirine girişim yapabilmektedir. Ayrıca sedimanda depolanan metaller, sedimanda gerçekleşen oksidasyon ve redüksiyon reaksiyonlarından doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilenmektedirler.
Heavy metals reach aquatic ecosystems from increasing anthropogenic pressures (urban and industrial pressure, diffuse sources, and geothermal-driven pressure) as well as natural sources. In this study, the relationship between heavy metals, which are carcinogenic, accumulating, and toxic to aquatic life, and eutrophication, which is a natural process that occurs in lakes, was investigated. The transport, dissolution, precipitation, complex formation, adsorption, and bioaccumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in aquatic environments are highly complex processes influenced by the physicochemical properties of the water. Eutrophication affects many physicochemical properties of the aquatic environment. The interactions between the behavior of heavy metals and eutrophication process have important effects on the physical, chemical and biological quality of water. Thus, the number of species decreases in aquatic ecosystems due to heavy metal pollution; some species disappear from the environment or species with high heavy metal tolerance become dominant in the environment. In particular, heavy metals accumulate in the liver and gill-like tissues of aquatic organisms and interfere with the food chain. In addition, the metals stored in sediments are directly or indirectly affected by oxidation/reduction reactions occurring in the sediments.
Heavy metals reach aquatic ecosystems from increasing anthropogenic pressures (urban and industrial pressure, diffuse sources, and geothermal-driven pressure) as well as natural sources. In this study, the relationship between heavy metals, which are carcinogenic, accumulating, and toxic to aquatic life, and eutrophication, which is a natural process that occurs in lakes, was investigated. The transport, dissolution, precipitation, complex formation, adsorption, and bioaccumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in aquatic environments are highly complex processes influenced by the physicochemical properties of the water. Eutrophication affects many physicochemical properties of the aquatic environment. The interactions between the behavior of heavy metals and eutrophication process have important effects on the physical, chemical and biological quality of water. Thus, the number of species decreases in aquatic ecosystems due to heavy metal pollution; some species disappear from the environment or species with high heavy metal tolerance become dominant in the environment. In particular, heavy metals accumulate in the liver and gill-like tissues of aquatic organisms and interfere with the food chain. In addition, the metals stored in sediments are directly or indirectly affected by oxidation/reduction reactions occurring in the sediments.