Publication: Türkiye’ deki hazır giyim işletmelerinde ürün kalitesine etki eden faktörler ve iyileştirmeye ilişkin çözüm önerileri
Abstract
Bu çalışmada; Türkiye'deki Dokuma ve Örme Hazırgiyim işletmeleri ve bu işletmelerde üretilen ürünlerin kalitesine etki eden faktörler, kalite iyileştirici çözümler ve kalitede sürekliliği sağlamak amacıyla bir saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Türkiye hazır giyim sanayii Türkiye ekonomisi içinde birinci sırada, dünya hazır giyim ihracatçıları arasında bugün altıncı sırada, tekstilde dünyada on beşinci sıradadır. Türkiye'nin hazır giyim ihraatının büyük bir kısmını AB ve ABD'ye olduğu, gelecekte de bu ülkelere daha kaliteli ürünler üretme gerektiği saptanmıştır. Bu amaçla Türkiye hazır giyim sanayiinin bölgesel dağılımları incelendi ve Türkiye'de toplam hazır giyim işletme sayısı 2989 olduğu saptandı. Bu işletmelerin 2316'sı Marmara, 167'si Ege, 43'ü Karadeniz, 163'ü İç Anadolu, 247'si Akdeniz, 7'si Doğu Anadolu ve 46'sı Güney Doğu Anadolu bölgesinde olduğu saptandı. Hazır giyim işletmelerinin özellikle İstanbulda ki işletme sayısı 2224'tür. Bu işletmelerin 250'si Anadolu, 1974'ü Avrupa yakasındadır. Türkiye'deki toplam tekstil işletme sayısı 1029'dur. TSE, SGS- GAP INC firmalarınının ürün kalitesinde istediği kriterler araştırılarak değerlendirme-ler yapıldı. Ürünlerin değerlendirilmesi hatasız ve major, minör, kritik olmak üzere dört kategoride yapılmıştır. İşletmelerdeki sorunları ortaya çıkarmak için Marmara bölgesinde 35 Dokuma ve 35 Örme hazır giyim işletmesine anket uygulandı, veriler SPSS istatistik erlendirildi. Bulguların değerlendirilmesi sonucunda 1. derecede yönetim hataları (Yönetim anlayışı, planlama, satın alma) 2. derecede malzeme hataları (yardımcı malzeme, aksesuar, hammadde) imalat organizasyonu hatları (iş gücü, fason atölye, model, kesim, kalite kontrol), 3. derecede imalat organizasyonu (dikim, son kontrol, ütüleme, paketleme, teknoloji) imalat sonrası hatalar) (sevkiyat, müşteri, depolama) 4. derecede mağaza zincirlerinin etkili olduğu saptandı. Dokuma ve örme hazır giyim sanayiinde ürün kalitesine etki eden faktörlerin birbirinden farklı olmadığı görüldü. Toplam kalite yönetimi felsefesi ve ISO 9001 Kalite sistem şartlarını bir tekstil ürünün hikayesinden yola çıkarak, koordineli bir şekilde çalışarak, herkes kendine düşeni yerine getirdiği takdirde kalitesiz ürünler ortadan kalkacaktır. Bu çalışmanın Türk tekstil ve hazır giyim işletmelerine ve insanlığa yararlı olan her çalışma gibi bundan sonraki araştırmalara yol gösterecek bir el kitabı özelliği taşıyan bir kaynak olması ümit edilmektedir.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCT QUALITY OF THE TURKEY'S READY-MADE GARMENT INDUSTRY AND THE SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SOLUTION RELATED TO IMPROVEMENT In this work, the factors affecting the quality of products produced by the weaving and knitting ready-made garment companies, the solutions to improve quality and for the sustainable development were studied. The Turkish Ready-Made Garment industry has the first rank in the Turkish economy, the sixth rank among the world's ready-made garment exporters, and the fifth rank among the world textile manufacturers. It has been concluded that the major part of the exported ready-made garments of the Turkish industry goes to UE and USA, and that there is an increasing demand for higher quality products in future. For this purpose, the regional distributions of the Turkish ready-made garment industry were examined and it was concluded that there were 2,989 ready-made garment companies in Turkey. 2,316 of these are in Marmara region, 167 of these in Aegean, 43 of these in Black sea region, 163 of these in Central Anatolia region, 247 of these in Mediterranean region, 7 of these in East Anatolia region and 46 of these in South East region. The number of the ready-made garment companies in İstanbul is 2,224. 250 of these is on the Anatolian side and 1,974 in the European side of İstanbul. The total number of the textile manufacturers in Turkey is 1,029. The evaluation of the products has been made in accordance with the TSE, the SGS and the GAP's quality requirements. The evaluation of the products has been carried out in four categories, namely; major, minor, critical and defect less. The analysis of the problems in 35 weaving and 35 knitting ready-made companies in Marmara region were carried out by questionnaires and statistical analysis of these were evaluated by SPSS software. After the close examination of the results, it has been concluded that the first rank of the mistakes arises by the management (the management philosophy, and planning and procurement, etc.), the second by the material faults (auxiliaries, raw materials, etc.) and the production faults (workers, contractor's workshop, model, cutting, quality control, etc), the third by the production organisation (sewing, final inspection, ironing, packaging, technology, etc.) and the post-production defects (transport, customer, storing), and the forth by merchandiser's chain. It has been concluded that the factors affecting the product quality has been the same for the weaving and the knitting ready-made garment industries. The quality improvement can only be achieved by implementing of the total quality management philosophy and ISO 9001 quality system requirements in the company. It has been hoped that this work can be source for the researchers in this topic.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE PRODUCT QUALITY OF THE TURKEY'S READY-MADE GARMENT INDUSTRY AND THE SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SOLUTION RELATED TO IMPROVEMENT In this work, the factors affecting the quality of products produced by the weaving and knitting ready-made garment companies, the solutions to improve quality and for the sustainable development were studied. The Turkish Ready-Made Garment industry has the first rank in the Turkish economy, the sixth rank among the world's ready-made garment exporters, and the fifth rank among the world textile manufacturers. It has been concluded that the major part of the exported ready-made garments of the Turkish industry goes to UE and USA, and that there is an increasing demand for higher quality products in future. For this purpose, the regional distributions of the Turkish ready-made garment industry were examined and it was concluded that there were 2,989 ready-made garment companies in Turkey. 2,316 of these are in Marmara region, 167 of these in Aegean, 43 of these in Black sea region, 163 of these in Central Anatolia region, 247 of these in Mediterranean region, 7 of these in East Anatolia region and 46 of these in South East region. The number of the ready-made garment companies in İstanbul is 2,224. 250 of these is on the Anatolian side and 1,974 in the European side of İstanbul. The total number of the textile manufacturers in Turkey is 1,029. The evaluation of the products has been made in accordance with the TSE, the SGS and the GAP's quality requirements. The evaluation of the products has been carried out in four categories, namely; major, minor, critical and defect less. The analysis of the problems in 35 weaving and 35 knitting ready-made companies in Marmara region were carried out by questionnaires and statistical analysis of these were evaluated by SPSS software. After the close examination of the results, it has been concluded that the first rank of the mistakes arises by the management (the management philosophy, and planning and procurement, etc.), the second by the material faults (auxiliaries, raw materials, etc.) and the production faults (workers, contractor's workshop, model, cutting, quality control, etc), the third by the production organisation (sewing, final inspection, ironing, packaging, technology, etc.) and the post-production defects (transport, customer, storing), and the forth by merchandiser's chain. It has been concluded that the factors affecting the product quality has been the same for the weaving and the knitting ready-made garment industries. The quality improvement can only be achieved by implementing of the total quality management philosophy and ISO 9001 quality system requirements in the company. It has been hoped that this work can be source for the researchers in this topic.