Factors affecting residential, commercial and industrial energy consumption

Abstract

Global energy consumption continues to grow, and the combined residential, commercial and industrial energy demand is projected to rise significantly in the future due to population and economic growth. There are many factors affecting the amount and timing of energy consumption. Climate and physical building characteristics (e.g., total floor, window type) are among the most critical factors that impact energy consumption. In terms of residential energy consumption, daily usage of different household appliances, demographic, and socio-economic factors such as family composition and income lead to different consumer profiles. Consumers’ daily life routines, habits, social life and energy-saving actions also shape energy consumption profiles in identical houses and over different times of the day. Additionally, trends in people’s lifestyles and the rise in remote working after the COVID-19 pandemic results in variations in overall residential energy consumption. From the commercial building and industrial energy consumption perspective, building characteristics, and type of commercial and industrial activities are driving forces of energy consumption dynamics. The aim of this study is to explore the main factors influencing residential, commercial and industrial energy consumption. A holistic approach will be utilized to draw a comprehensive picture by covering physical, social, demographic and environmental perspectives. This study will provide a basis for the researchers working on energy data analytics, energy consumer segmentation and energy-efficient solutions.