Publication: Küçükçekmece Gölü’nde mikrobiyolojik (E. coli) ve kimyasal (alüminyum, demir, kadmiyum ve kurşun) kirlilik parametrelerinin saptanması
Abstract
KÜÇÜKÇEKMECE GÖLÜ'NDE MİKROBİYOLOJİK (E. coli) VE KİMYASAL (ALÜMİNYUM, DEMİR, KADMİYUM VE KURŞUN) KİRLİLİK PARAMETRELERİNİN SAPTANMASI Bu çalışmada Küçükçekmece Gölü'nün kirlilik durumu mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal yönden araştırılmıştır. Küçükçekmece Gölü'nün bakteriyolojik ve kimyasal kirlilik parametrelerinin tespiti çalışmaları Ocak 2003-Aralık 2003 tarihleri arasında tamamlanmış ve seçilen 5 noktadan her ay örnek alınarak, toplam 80 su numunesinin mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal tüm analizleri Marmara Üniversitesi Doğa Bitkileri ve Su Ürünleri Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Göztepe Kampüsü Laboratuarında yapılmıştır. Numune alım noktalarından, mikrobiyolojik analizler için her ay, kimyasal analizler için 3 ayda bir su örneği alınmıştır. Su analizi çalışmalarında, su numunelerinin toplanmasında APHA Standart Methot Kuralları'na uyulmuştur. Böylece dışarıdan kaynaklanabilecek kontaminasyonlar önlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mikrobiyolojik analizlerde E. coli ağırlıklı olarak çalışılmıştır. Mikrobiyolojik analizler, 100 ml. su örneğinde bulunan Total Koliform ve Fekal Koliform bakteri sayısının Membran Filtrasyon Tekniği kullanılarak saptanmasıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu teknikle numune içerisinde bulunan bakteri sayısı belirlendikten sonra, İMVİC Deneyi yapılarak, E. coli'nin üreyip üremediği saptanmıştır. Kimyasal analizlerde öncelikle belirlenen numune alım noktalarındaki Alüminyum, Demir, Kadmiyum ve Kurşun miktarları saptanmıştır. Su içerisinde bulunan çeşitli parametreler birbiriyle sıkı ilişki içindedirler. Bu nedenle Küçükçekmece Gölü'nün kirlilik durumunu açıklayabilmek için, sadece bu 4 parametre incelenmemiş, bunların dışında çeşitli kimyasal parametreler de ele alınmıştır. Bu parametreler; Krom, Deterjan, Organik Madde, Nitrit, Nitrat, Amonyak, Toplam Sertlik, KOİ, BOİ, İletkenlik, TDS, pH, Sıcaklık, Renk ve Bulanıklıktır. Sonuçlar, TC Başbakanlık Çevre Müsteşarlığı'nın belirlediği Kıta içi Su Kaynaklarının Sınıflara Göre Kalite Kriterleri ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bazı parametreler Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO) ve Avrupa Birliği kriterleri ile de karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde, Küçükçekmece Gölü'nün mikrobiyolojik yönden aşırı kirli durumda olduğu; kimyasal kirlilik yönünden ise bazı parametrelerde sınır seviyede bulunduğu, bazılarında ise sınır seviyeyi çok fazla aştığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışma Küçükçekmece Gölü'nün bugünkü kirlilik durumunu ortaya koymaktadır. Eylül, 2004 Özlem ÖĞMEN
DETERMINATION OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL (E. coli) AND CHEMICAL (ALIMINIUM, IRON, CADMIUM AND LEAD) POLLUTION PARAMETERS IN KUCUKCEKMECE LAKE In this study we have attempted to investigate the microbiological and chemical pollution levels of Kucukcekmece Lake. The research for determination of the bacteriological and chemical pollution parameters was started in January 2003 and completed in December 2003; and 80 water samples taken from 5 selected locations on monthly basis were held subject to microbiological and chemical analysis at Goztepe Campus Laboratories of Marmara University Natural Plants and Water Products Research and Application Center. The samples were taken on monthly basis for microbiological analysis and tri-monthly for chemical analysis from the pre-designated sample taking locations. APHA Standard Method Rules have been observed while sampling the water in water analysis studies. Thus, contaminations caused by outside factors were tried to be eliminated. E. coli has been largely studied on the microbiological analysis. The microbiological analysis was performed by determining the number of Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform present in the water sample of 100 ml using Membrane Filtration Technique. IMVIC Experiment was performed and determination was made whether or not E. coli was produced after calculating the number of bacteria present by using the said technique. Initially, the quantities of Aluminum, Iron, Cadmium and Lead at the specified locations, was determined in the chemical analysis. Various parameters present in the water have been closely interrelated with one another. Accordingly, only the four parameters were analyzed in order to clarify the pollution levels at Kucukcekmece Lake, and various chemical parameters were also taken up outside the said parameters. These parameters are Chrome, Detergent, Organic Material, Nitrate, Ammonia, Total Hardness, KOI, BOI, Conductivity, TDS, pH, Temperature, Color and Turbidity. The results were compared with Quality Criteria of Inland Water Resources Based on Classes specified by the Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Undersecretariat of Environment. Some of the parameters were also compared according to the relevant criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union legislation. When the results were analyzed, it was observed that Kucukcekmece Lake has been extremely polluted in terms of microbiological aspects and some of the parameters were at the limit levels, and still some other greatly exceeded the limit in chemical pollution aspects. This study shows the present pollution levels in Kucukcekmece Lake. September, 2004 Özlem ÖĞMEN
DETERMINATION OF THE MICROBIOLOGICAL (E. coli) AND CHEMICAL (ALIMINIUM, IRON, CADMIUM AND LEAD) POLLUTION PARAMETERS IN KUCUKCEKMECE LAKE In this study we have attempted to investigate the microbiological and chemical pollution levels of Kucukcekmece Lake. The research for determination of the bacteriological and chemical pollution parameters was started in January 2003 and completed in December 2003; and 80 water samples taken from 5 selected locations on monthly basis were held subject to microbiological and chemical analysis at Goztepe Campus Laboratories of Marmara University Natural Plants and Water Products Research and Application Center. The samples were taken on monthly basis for microbiological analysis and tri-monthly for chemical analysis from the pre-designated sample taking locations. APHA Standard Method Rules have been observed while sampling the water in water analysis studies. Thus, contaminations caused by outside factors were tried to be eliminated. E. coli has been largely studied on the microbiological analysis. The microbiological analysis was performed by determining the number of Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform present in the water sample of 100 ml using Membrane Filtration Technique. IMVIC Experiment was performed and determination was made whether or not E. coli was produced after calculating the number of bacteria present by using the said technique. Initially, the quantities of Aluminum, Iron, Cadmium and Lead at the specified locations, was determined in the chemical analysis. Various parameters present in the water have been closely interrelated with one another. Accordingly, only the four parameters were analyzed in order to clarify the pollution levels at Kucukcekmece Lake, and various chemical parameters were also taken up outside the said parameters. These parameters are Chrome, Detergent, Organic Material, Nitrate, Ammonia, Total Hardness, KOI, BOI, Conductivity, TDS, pH, Temperature, Color and Turbidity. The results were compared with Quality Criteria of Inland Water Resources Based on Classes specified by the Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry Undersecretariat of Environment. Some of the parameters were also compared according to the relevant criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union legislation. When the results were analyzed, it was observed that Kucukcekmece Lake has been extremely polluted in terms of microbiological aspects and some of the parameters were at the limit levels, and still some other greatly exceeded the limit in chemical pollution aspects. This study shows the present pollution levels in Kucukcekmece Lake. September, 2004 Özlem ÖĞMEN