Publication: Küresel şehirlerde kentsel ulaşım yönetimi ve İstanbul için bir model önerisi
Abstract
İnsanların, malların, kültürlerin, fikirlerin kolayca ulaştığı ve üzerinden diğer yerleşim yerlerine dağıldığı kentler; tarih boyunca gelişme imkânı bulmuştur. Küreselleşme sürecinde de bu durum değişmemiştir. Küresel kentler ve küreselleşme sürecinde öne çıkmaya çalışan diğer kentler; küresel ölçekte ekonomik, siyasi, kültürel vb. alanlarda önemli kavşak noktaları olmak istemelerinin yanında, çevrelerindeki kentsel alanlarda oluşan enerjiyi de küresel rekabette kendi lehlerine kullanmaya çalışmaktadır. Böylece; küresel ulaşım ve etkileşim ağları içerisindeki konum, kentleri öne çıkaran önemli bir unsur olurken, kentlerin çevresindeki diğer kentsel alanlarla girdiği etkileşim ve bu kentsel alanlarla arasında sağlıklı işleyen ulaşım altyapısına sahip olması kentleri güçlendiren bir diğer unsur olmuştur. Farklı küresel kent endekslerinde öne çıkan, Londra, New York, Tokyo, Paris ve Hong Kong kentlerinin kentsel ulaşım yönetim yapıları incelendiğinde; küresel kent rekabetinde öne çıkmalarını sağlayan düzenlemeler yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Kentlerin özgün koşullarında farklı düzenlemeler yapılmış olsa da bu düzenlemeler genel olarak; metropoliten alanlarda eşgüdümün sağlanması ve etkin ulaşım otoritelerinin kurulması şeklinde olmuştur. Küresel kent rekabetinde öne çıkmaya çalışan İstanbul’da ise; çevresinde oluşan metropoliten alanları içine alan Kuzey Marmara Megapolü’nde ortak ulaşım planlarının yapılması için bir eşgüdüm mekanizmasının kurulmadığı görülmektedir. Tespit edilen bir diğer sorun ise, İstanbul’da gerçekleşen kentsel ulaşım faaliyetlerini planlayacak ve yönetecek güçlü bir otoritenin eksikliği olmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen model ile Kuzey Marmara Megapolü ve İstanbul’da, kentsel ve bölgesel ulaşım yönetimi koordinasyonunun sağlanması ve İstanbul’da etkin bir ulaşım otoritesi oluşturmak hedeflenmiştir.
Cities that serve as hubs where people, goods, cultures, and ideas can easily reach and be distributed to other settlements have historically had the opportunity to develop. This trend has continued in the process of globalization as well. Global cities, along with other cities striving to emerge in the global competition, aim not only to become crucial intersections in economic, political, cultural, and other areas on a global scale but also to leverage the energy generated in surrounding urban areas for their own advantage in global competition. Therefore, a city's position within global transportation and interaction networks becomes a key factor in its prominence, while having a well-functioning transportation infrastructure and a strong interaction with surrounding urban areas further strengthens cities. When examining the urban transportation management structures of cities like London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, and Hong Kong, which stand out in various global city indices, it has been observed that they have implemented regulations enabling them to excel in global city competition. Although specific regulations have been tailored to each city's unique conditions, these regulations generally focus on ensuring coordination within metropolitan areas and establishing effective transportation authorities. In Istanbul, a city striving to stand out in the global city competition, there is currently no coordination mechanism established for joint transportation planning within the Northern Marmara Megapolis, which encompasses the surrounding metropolitan areas. Another issue identified is the lack of a strong authority to plan and manage urban transportation activities in Istanbul. The model developed within the scope of this study aims to ensure coordination in urban and regional transportation management in both the Northern Marmara Megapolis and Istanbul, while also creating an effective transportation authority in Istanbul.
Cities that serve as hubs where people, goods, cultures, and ideas can easily reach and be distributed to other settlements have historically had the opportunity to develop. This trend has continued in the process of globalization as well. Global cities, along with other cities striving to emerge in the global competition, aim not only to become crucial intersections in economic, political, cultural, and other areas on a global scale but also to leverage the energy generated in surrounding urban areas for their own advantage in global competition. Therefore, a city's position within global transportation and interaction networks becomes a key factor in its prominence, while having a well-functioning transportation infrastructure and a strong interaction with surrounding urban areas further strengthens cities. When examining the urban transportation management structures of cities like London, New York, Tokyo, Paris, and Hong Kong, which stand out in various global city indices, it has been observed that they have implemented regulations enabling them to excel in global city competition. Although specific regulations have been tailored to each city's unique conditions, these regulations generally focus on ensuring coordination within metropolitan areas and establishing effective transportation authorities. In Istanbul, a city striving to stand out in the global city competition, there is currently no coordination mechanism established for joint transportation planning within the Northern Marmara Megapolis, which encompasses the surrounding metropolitan areas. Another issue identified is the lack of a strong authority to plan and manage urban transportation activities in Istanbul. The model developed within the scope of this study aims to ensure coordination in urban and regional transportation management in both the Northern Marmara Megapolis and Istanbul, while also creating an effective transportation authority in Istanbul.
