Publication: Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında Deniz Kuvvetlerinde Eğitim sistemi (1923-1938)
Abstract
CUMHURİYETİN İLK YILLARINDA DENİZ KUVVETLERİNDE EĞİTİM SİSTEMİ (1923-1938) LEMAN YILMAZ Danışman :PROF.DR.VAHDETTİN ENGİN İSTANBUL 2005 ÖZET 1770 yılında Baltık Denizi'ndeki Rus Donanmasının Akdeniz'e geçerek Çeşme Limanı'nda Osmanlı Donanması'nı yakması üzerine bilimsel temellere dayalı ve modern bir donanmaya sahip olunması konusunda devlet adamlarının gayretleri ile bahriyede okullaşma süreci de başlamış ve Deniz Harp Okulunun temeli sayılan Hendese Odası adıyla bir Mühendislik Okulu açılmıştır. 1890 yılından itibaren de Astsubay okullarının nüvesini teşkil eden Deniz Gedikli Sınıfı kurulmuş,1908 yılında ise Çarkçı Mektebi açılmıştır Cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra Bahriye Mektebi'ne ilk kez 1924 yılında öğrenci alınmış, 3 Mart 1924 Tevhid-i Tedrisat Kanunu ile, Bahriye Mektebi'nin İdadi olarak ayrılan lise sınıflarında Maarif Vekaleti'nin ilgili lise programları, Astsubay Okulu'nda ise ilköğretim programları okutulmuştur.1926 yılında ise Cumhuriyet döneminin ilk subay, astsubay ve er denizaltı kursları bugünkü Kasımpaşa'daki Kuzey Deniz Saha Komutanlığı binasında açılmıştır. 1923 yılında kurulan Bahriye Vekaleti kaldırılınca, 1928 tarihinde Milli Savunma Bakanlığına bağlı Deniz Müsteşarlığı oluşturulmuş ve eğitim konuları Genelkurmay Başkanlığı tarafından yürütülmüştür. Genelkurmay Başkanlığının 27 Mayıs 1928 tarihli emri ile Deniz Lisesi eğitim-öğretim sisteminde köklü değişiklikler yapılmıştır. 1864 yılından 1912 yılına kadar faaliyetlerini sürdüren Deniz Harp Akademisi, Cumhuriyet döneminde ise 2 Kasım 1930 tarihinde yeniden kurulmuştur. 1934 yılında Deniz Harp Okulunu başarı ile bitiren öğrenciler arasından seçilenler Mühendislik tahsili için Almanya'ya gönderilmiş, Deniz Gedikli Küçük Zabit İhzari Mektebinin adı Deniz Gedikli Küçük Zabit Hazırlama Mektebi olarak değiştirilmiştir. 1935 yılında Almanya'nın denizaltıcılık stajlarını yapmaları için Türkiye'ye gönderdiği denizaltıcı subaylar Erdek'te II.İnönü ve Sakarya Denizaltı Gemilerinde staj yapmışlardır. 18 Kasım 1936 tarihinde Deniz Harp Okulu ve Deniz Lisesi Komutanlığı Kuruluş Yıldönümleri Törenleri başlatılmıştır. Tezimizde 1923-1938 dönemi Deniz kuvvetlerindeki Eğitim Sistemi 1923 öncesi dönemin özetini de kapsayacak şekilde subay-astsubay eğitimleri çerçevesinde ve okullaşma süreci içersinde incelenmiştir.
After the Russian navy in Baltic Sea passed to Akdeniz and burned the Ottoman navy in Çeşme Harbour in 1770, Geometry Chamber and Engineering School which were the background of the Navy War School were opened to have a modern navy. In 1890 Navy Proficiency class, which was the background of the junior-officer schools were opened and in 1908 Engineering School was opened. After the republic was declared the first students of the Navy School were signed in 1924. The high school programs related to the Education Deputy, which was divided as the Navy School's secondary part, were taught and the elementary programs were taught in junior officer schools. In 1926 first officer, junior officer and the soldier submarine courses of the Republic was opened in today's North Sea Side Command in Kasımpaşa building. When the Navy Deputy was canceled which was opened in 1923, in 1928 the Navy Secretary of State, which was bounded to National Defense Ministry, was created and the education titles was continued by the General Staff. By the order of the General Staff in 27 May 1928 the education system of the Navy High School was changed. The Navy War Academy, which had continued to educate in the years between 1864-1912, was rebuilt in the Republic in 2 Dec 1930 The selected students who were graduated with high degrees from the Navy War School were sent to Germany for Engineering education, and the name of Deniz Gedikli Küçük Zabit İhzari school was changed to Deniz Gedikli Küçük Zabit Hazırlama school. In 1935 the submarine students who were sent by Germany to make the course of instruction to Turkey, made their course of instructions in 2nd İnönü and Sakarya Submarines in Erdek. In 18 Nov 1936, the foundation anniversary of the Navy War School and Navy High School Command Ceremonies were started. In our Thesis, the Navy education system of the period 1923-1938 was examined with the summary of the period before 1923 in the range of officer-junior officer education period.
After the Russian navy in Baltic Sea passed to Akdeniz and burned the Ottoman navy in Çeşme Harbour in 1770, Geometry Chamber and Engineering School which were the background of the Navy War School were opened to have a modern navy. In 1890 Navy Proficiency class, which was the background of the junior-officer schools were opened and in 1908 Engineering School was opened. After the republic was declared the first students of the Navy School were signed in 1924. The high school programs related to the Education Deputy, which was divided as the Navy School's secondary part, were taught and the elementary programs were taught in junior officer schools. In 1926 first officer, junior officer and the soldier submarine courses of the Republic was opened in today's North Sea Side Command in Kasımpaşa building. When the Navy Deputy was canceled which was opened in 1923, in 1928 the Navy Secretary of State, which was bounded to National Defense Ministry, was created and the education titles was continued by the General Staff. By the order of the General Staff in 27 May 1928 the education system of the Navy High School was changed. The Navy War Academy, which had continued to educate in the years between 1864-1912, was rebuilt in the Republic in 2 Dec 1930 The selected students who were graduated with high degrees from the Navy War School were sent to Germany for Engineering education, and the name of Deniz Gedikli Küçük Zabit İhzari school was changed to Deniz Gedikli Küçük Zabit Hazırlama school. In 1935 the submarine students who were sent by Germany to make the course of instruction to Turkey, made their course of instructions in 2nd İnönü and Sakarya Submarines in Erdek. In 18 Nov 1936, the foundation anniversary of the Navy War School and Navy High School Command Ceremonies were started. In our Thesis, the Navy education system of the period 1923-1938 was examined with the summary of the period before 1923 in the range of officer-junior officer education period.