Publication: Türk sosyal güvenlik sisteminde norm ve standart birliği
Abstract
Sosyal güvenliğin amacı, bireyleri sosyal risklerin olumsuz etkilerine karşı korumak ve onların güvenliğini sağlamaktır. Anayasanın 60. maddesine göre Herkes sosyal güvenlik hakkına sahiptir. Devlet bu güvenliği sağlayacak gerekli tedbirleri alır ve teşkilatı kurar. Ülkemizin sosyal güvenlik sistemi esas itibariyle TC Emekli Sandığı, Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu ve Bağ-Kur olarak üç temel kuruluşa dayanmaktadır. 1945 yılında 4792 sayılı Yasa ile işçilere sosyal koruma sağlama amacıyla Sosyal Sigortalar Kurumu; 1949 yılında 5434 sayılı Yasa devlet memuru ve çalışanlarına esas itibariyle emeklilik hakları sağlamak amacıyla TC Emekli Sandığı; 1971 yılında ise 1479 sayılı Yasa ile bağımsız çalışanların sosyal güvenliğini sağlamak amacıyla Bağ-Kur kurulmuştur. Sosyal güvenlik kurumları çok farklı normlar uygulamaktadır. Diğer bir ifadeyle, sigortalılara sağlanan haklarda ve yükümlülüklerde kurumlar arasında farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Bu farklılıklar kısaca, kurumların idari yapılanmaları, kapsamı, finansman yöntemleri, sağlık yardımları, sosyal gelirler ve parasal yardımlarda söz konusudur. Sosyal devlet, sosyal adalet, eşitlik ve sosyal güvenlik hakkı sosyal güvenlik sisteminde norm ve standart birliğini gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada sosyal güvenlik kurumları çok farklı açılardan irdelenmiş, mevzuatta ve uygulamada uyum sağlanması ve kurumsal yapılanma konularında önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Social security aims to protect individuals against the adverse effects of social risk and to ensure their security. According to the article 60 of the Constitution: Every individual is entitled to social security. The state takes the necessary measures to create this confidence and organize the organization. Social security system in our country is based on three different major organizations, namely, The Government Employees Retirement Fund, Social Insurance Institution and Social Insurance Organization For the Self Employed Bağ-Kur. In 1945 Social Insurance Institution was established with the aim of providing social protection for employees by law of 4792; In 1949 the Government Employees Retirement Fund was founded with the aim of providing social benefits within a retirement system for government employees by law of 5434 and in 1971 Social Insurance Organization For the Self Employed with the aim of providing social security for Self Employed by law of 1479. Social security Institutions apply many different norms. In the other word, there are differences between institutions in the rights of insured person and its obligations: Briefly, in administrative structure, coverage, financing methods, medical assistances, social incomes, and monetary assistances. Social state, social justice, equality and social security require that accord of norm and standard in social security system. In this study, social security institutions were examined in many different aspects. Solution proposals were proposed in according social security legislation and practice and structural construction.
Social security aims to protect individuals against the adverse effects of social risk and to ensure their security. According to the article 60 of the Constitution: Every individual is entitled to social security. The state takes the necessary measures to create this confidence and organize the organization. Social security system in our country is based on three different major organizations, namely, The Government Employees Retirement Fund, Social Insurance Institution and Social Insurance Organization For the Self Employed Bağ-Kur. In 1945 Social Insurance Institution was established with the aim of providing social protection for employees by law of 4792; In 1949 the Government Employees Retirement Fund was founded with the aim of providing social benefits within a retirement system for government employees by law of 5434 and in 1971 Social Insurance Organization For the Self Employed with the aim of providing social security for Self Employed by law of 1479. Social security Institutions apply many different norms. In the other word, there are differences between institutions in the rights of insured person and its obligations: Briefly, in administrative structure, coverage, financing methods, medical assistances, social incomes, and monetary assistances. Social state, social justice, equality and social security require that accord of norm and standard in social security system. In this study, social security institutions were examined in many different aspects. Solution proposals were proposed in according social security legislation and practice and structural construction.