Publication: Türkiye’de ihracata yönelik sanayileşme sürecinde emek sermaye ilişkileri: tekstil örneği
Abstract
Kapitalist sermaye birikiminin gelişimi açısından emeğin piyasada bir meta haline gelmesi, birçok kurumlaşmaları gerektirmiştir. Üretim araçlarına sahip olan kapitalist sınıfın karını artırmasına engel olabilecek her türlü girişim engellenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu açıdan sendikalar sermaye birikiminin önünde bir engel olarak görülmektedir. Sanayi Devriminden bu yana işçilerin belirli mekanlarda toplanıp, işbölümü ile çalıştırılması süreç içerisinde değişikliklere uğramış, emeğin en etkin kullanımı amaç olarak belirlenmiştir. Esnek üretim ve esnek istihdam bu yollardan biri olarak görülmekte olup, işçinin örgütlenmesi bu nedenle olumsuz sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Sendikaların bu değişim karşısında hem yapısal,hem de uygulanan ekonomik politikalar nedeniyle etkisiz kalması, emeği sömürü mekanizmalarını da artırmıştır. Türkiye'de de bu süreç kapitalist sistemin özü gereği aynı biçimde işlemiş, uygulanan politikalar ve yöntemler işçilerin aleyhine etkilerde bulunmuştur. Sendikalar ise bu politikalar doğrultusunda kimi saman etkinliğini koruyabilmiş, kimi zaman kapatılmalar ve baskılara maruz kalmıştır. Tekstil ve konfeksiyon sektörü de bu politikalardan etkilenmiştir. Emek ve kaynak yoğun bir sektör olması açısından sektör, uluslar arası piyasalarda rekabet edebilmek için ucuz işgücü ve esnek istihdam yöntemlerini kullanmaktadır. Sendikalar ise bu yöntemler karşısında ya işverenlerle işbirliğine başvurmakta, ya da uluslar arası alanlarda mücadele imkanları aramaktadır
On the context of the development of capitalist accumulation, the merchandizing of labour in the market needs many institutionalizations. The capitalist class, as the owner of teh means of poduction, has tried to obstruct every interference to maximization of its profit. In this respect, trade unions are regarded as an interference to accumulation of capital. Since the Industrial Revolution, the procass of workers gathering together and vorking in a division of labour has changed and the porpose was put as the most effective way of using labour. Casual labour and casual employment is seen as one of the means to achieve this purpose. Thus, organized labour creates negative results. Trade unions have been inneffective against this transformation in both the structural and economical policy sense and so, the mechanisms to exploit labour have deloped greatly. In Turkey this process has went through the same mechanisms; the policies and methods implemented had an effect against workers. Trade unions, at times, have protected themselves, but at times they were closed down or pressured. Textile and redymade sector is also affected from these policies. As the sector is labour and source concentrated, it uses cheap labour and casual employment to compete in the international markets. Against these methods, trade unions either cooperate with employers or look for means of truggle in the international arena.
On the context of the development of capitalist accumulation, the merchandizing of labour in the market needs many institutionalizations. The capitalist class, as the owner of teh means of poduction, has tried to obstruct every interference to maximization of its profit. In this respect, trade unions are regarded as an interference to accumulation of capital. Since the Industrial Revolution, the procass of workers gathering together and vorking in a division of labour has changed and the porpose was put as the most effective way of using labour. Casual labour and casual employment is seen as one of the means to achieve this purpose. Thus, organized labour creates negative results. Trade unions have been inneffective against this transformation in both the structural and economical policy sense and so, the mechanisms to exploit labour have deloped greatly. In Turkey this process has went through the same mechanisms; the policies and methods implemented had an effect against workers. Trade unions, at times, have protected themselves, but at times they were closed down or pressured. Textile and redymade sector is also affected from these policies. As the sector is labour and source concentrated, it uses cheap labour and casual employment to compete in the international markets. Against these methods, trade unions either cooperate with employers or look for means of truggle in the international arena.