Analytical methods usedfor the determination of penicillin

Abstract

Antibiotics are among the rare drugs that can be considered miracle drugs in the history of medicine in the world. Because of these properties, antibiotics are among the most widely used drugs all over the world. Antibiotics are substances synthesized by bacteria or fungi that inhibit the growth of other microorganisms and ultimately lead to their death. Penicillins are the most commonly used antibiotic derivatives, which we call beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics in the heterocyclic structure of antibiotics in the treatment. When the studies are examined, the use of these semi-synthetic penicillins has increased in recent years. There are different types of penicillin used in the treatment against gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic microorganisms. To date, hundreds of antibiotics have been defined, new ones are being discovered, and a significant part of them are developed and used in the treatment of infectious diseases. There are various analysis methods for the pharmaceutical forms of penicillins given in pharmacopeias and the literature: Chromatography; HPLC, GC, TLC, RPLC, IC; spectrophotometric; IR, NMR, LC-MS, LC-MS/MS, Polarimetric: Acpolarography, Square wave-polarography, dc-polarography; Fluorometric; Titrimetric; Colorimetric and Microbiological methods. In this review study, determination methods of penicillin group antibiotics and article studies related to these methods were examined, and detailed information was given about simple, fast, accurate and precise methods of quantification in recent years.