Publication: Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete sanatın kavramsallaştırılması (1883-1933)
Abstract
Bu tezde, Osmanlıdan Cumhuriyete geçiş sürecinde sanat düşüncesinde yaşanan değişim ele alınmıştır. Aydınlanma döneminde, Ortaçağın zanaat ve güzel sanatları birlikte kullanan yaklaşımının aksine, modern olarak adlandırabileceğimiz yeni bir sanat anlayışı ortaya çıkmıştır. Modern sanatın ülkemize gelişi ve konumlandırılmasının anlaşılabilmesi için ilk sanat mektebi olan Sanayi-i Nefise’nin kurulduğu 1883 yılından üniversite reformunun gerçekleştiği 1933 yılına kadar olan dönemi tarih aralığı olarak belirledik. Bu geçiş döneminde sanat konusu matbuat ortamında tartışılmış ve farklı felsefî akımların etkisiyle muhtelif yaklaşımlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmamızda bu tartışmalar değerlendirilerek sanatın ne şekilde konumlandırıldığı incelenmiştir. Buna göre geleneğin daha doğru yorumlanabilmesi için sanat ve zanaat arasındaki ayrımın netleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Ayrıca sanat alanında yaşanan değişim şekil ve türlerde çok zihin ve felsefî düşünceler bağlamında olmuştur. Bu yüzden, güzele dair özne-nesne ikilemindeki yaklaşımın yeniden gözden geçirilmesi gerekmektedir.
In this thesis, the change in the sense of art through the process of transition from Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic has been handled. In the age of Enlightenment, unlike the approach of dealing with craft and fine arts together in the Middle Ages, a new mentality of art which we can call modern has appeared. To be able to understand the arrival and positioning of the modern art in our country, we defined the years between ‘1883’ when the first art school ‘Sanayi-i Nefise’ was established and ‘1933’ when a university reform was practiced. In the period of transition, the issue of art has been discussed in the environment of press, and some opposite approaches have appeared with the effect of different philosophical movements such as materialism, spiritualism, subjectivism, and nationalism. In our study, in what way the art is positioned is examined by assessing these arguments. According to this, the difference between art and craft is needed to be clarified to be able to comment tradition more accurately. Furthermore, the change in the field of art has occured in the contexts of intellect and philosophical thought more than in the contexts of form and type. Therefore, the subject-object dilemma approach regarding beauty must be revised.
In this thesis, the change in the sense of art through the process of transition from Ottoman Empire to Turkish Republic has been handled. In the age of Enlightenment, unlike the approach of dealing with craft and fine arts together in the Middle Ages, a new mentality of art which we can call modern has appeared. To be able to understand the arrival and positioning of the modern art in our country, we defined the years between ‘1883’ when the first art school ‘Sanayi-i Nefise’ was established and ‘1933’ when a university reform was practiced. In the period of transition, the issue of art has been discussed in the environment of press, and some opposite approaches have appeared with the effect of different philosophical movements such as materialism, spiritualism, subjectivism, and nationalism. In our study, in what way the art is positioned is examined by assessing these arguments. According to this, the difference between art and craft is needed to be clarified to be able to comment tradition more accurately. Furthermore, the change in the field of art has occured in the contexts of intellect and philosophical thought more than in the contexts of form and type. Therefore, the subject-object dilemma approach regarding beauty must be revised.