Publication: Changes in The Normal Appearing White-Gray Matter and Cognitive Impairment inClinically Isolated Syndrome
Abstract
Amaç: Klinik izole sendromlu hastalarda normal görünen beyaz ve gri cevheri kontrol etmek ve eğer var ise bunun nörokognitif işlevler ile olan ilgisini araştırmak. Bu değişiklikler magnetizasyon transfer ve difüzyon tensor görüntüleme teknikleri ile araştırılacaktır. Metod: Difüzyon tensor magnetik rezonans ve magnetizasyon transfer görüntüleme teknikleri ile normal görünen sağ ve sol dorsolateral prefrontal korteks, anteriyor singulat girus ve korpus kallozum genusunda ölçümler yapıldı. Kognitif işlevlerin etkilenip etkilenmediğini anlamak amacı ile de Wisconsin Kart Eşleşme Testi (WCST), California Sözel Öğrenme testi (CVLT), Stroop testi (ST), Sayı Dizisi Testi (DR) ve Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) uygulandı. Bulgular: Difüzyon tensor incelemelerinde kontrol grubuna göre hasta grubunda sol dorsolateral prefrontal kortekste düşük fraksiyonel anizotropi bulundu. Bu hasta grubunun nörokognitif testlerde de (Wisconsin Kart Eşleşme Testi, California Sözel Öğrenme testi, Stroop testi ve Sayı dizisi) başarısız oldukları saptandı. Bu sonuçların sol dorsolateral prefrontal korteksteki anormal fraksiyonel anizotropiye bağlı olduğu düşünüldü. Sonuç: Klinik izole sendromlu hastalarda dikkat, işleyen hafıza, strateji geliştirme ve devam eden zihinsel aktiviteyi ve hızlandırılmış bilgi işleme gibi yürütücü işlevlerde eksiklik gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgular erken kortikal değişikliklerin klinik izole sendrom hastalarında dahi görülebileceğini ve erken dönem nörokognitif etkilenimden sorumlu olabileceğini göstermektedir
Background and purpose: To assess the normal appearing white and grey matter changes in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients and their correlations if present to neurocognitive tasks. Those changes can be revealed by magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and Diffusiontensor magnetic imaging (DTI) technique. Methods: Diffusion-tensor magnetic and magnetization transfer imaging measurements at normal appearing left-right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right-left anterior cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum genu-splenium were made. In order to assess whether or not the cognition was affected following neurocognitive tests [Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Stroop Test(ST), Digit Range (DR) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)] were performed. Results: Patients were found to have a lower fractional anisotropy (FA) compared the controls in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at DTI technique. Neurocognitive assessment showed that patients did not perform well in WCST, CVLT, ST, DR. Results were associated with abnormal FA in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Results showed the presence of deficits of executive function such as attention, working memory, strategy formulation, and monitoring ongoing mental activity and speeded information processing in CIS patients. These findings suggest that early cortical changes can be seen even in CIS patients and responsible for early neurocognitive impairments
Background and purpose: To assess the normal appearing white and grey matter changes in clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) patients and their correlations if present to neurocognitive tasks. Those changes can be revealed by magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) and Diffusiontensor magnetic imaging (DTI) technique. Methods: Diffusion-tensor magnetic and magnetization transfer imaging measurements at normal appearing left-right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, right-left anterior cingulate gyrus, corpus callosum genu-splenium were made. In order to assess whether or not the cognition was affected following neurocognitive tests [Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Stroop Test(ST), Digit Range (DR) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)] were performed. Results: Patients were found to have a lower fractional anisotropy (FA) compared the controls in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at DTI technique. Neurocognitive assessment showed that patients did not perform well in WCST, CVLT, ST, DR. Results were associated with abnormal FA in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusions: Results showed the presence of deficits of executive function such as attention, working memory, strategy formulation, and monitoring ongoing mental activity and speeded information processing in CIS patients. These findings suggest that early cortical changes can be seen even in CIS patients and responsible for early neurocognitive impairments