Publication: Ağır metallerle kirlenmiş toprakta doğal ve DC elektrik alanı ile desteklenmiş fitoremediasyon tekniklerinin karşılaştırılması
Abstract
Kirlenmiş olan toprakların kirliliklerinin kimyasal ve fiziksel uygulamalar ile giderilmesive rehabilitasyonunun sağlanması için, hem ekolojik tabanlı olan hem de maliyet açısındanekonomik olan çeşitli yöntemler geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Ergene Havzasıiçinde ve Ergene Nehri kıyısında bulunan Sinanlı Köyü sınırları içinde tarımsal faaliyetinsürdürüldüğü ve kirlilik seviyesi yüksek nehir suyunun zaman zaman sulama suyu olarakkullanıldığı bir mısır tarlası çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında buaraziden 200 kg ve Ergene Nehri’nden su numunesi alınmıştır. Fitoremediasyonperformanslarını incelemek üzere, toprağın yapısına uygun, kirlenmiş toprağa karşıtoleransı yüksek, birim alan ve zaman başına yüksek biyokütle değerlerine ulaşabilecek vegıda dışı kullanımda ekonomik değer üretebilecek bitki türleri seçimi yapılmıştır. Buseçimin yapılmasında, Trakya yöresi yetişme şartlarına uygun, biyoyakıt üretimindekullanılabilecek yağlı tohumlu türler olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Asteraceae familyasındanCarthamus tinctorius (aspir), Fabaceae familyasından Glycine max (soya fasulyesi) veBrassicaceae familyasından ise Brassica napus (kanola) bitkileri seçilmiştir. Alınan tarımtoprağı numunelerine tohum ekimleri yapılmıştır. Bu bitki türlerinin her birininfitoremediasyon yeteneği, hem doğal yolla kirleticileri bünyesine alarak topraktanuzaklaştırma performansları, hem de bu süreci kuvvetlendirmek adına toprağa DC elektrikvoltajı uygulaması yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, voltaj uygulamasıyapılmayan aspir, soya fasulyesi ve kanola bitkileri ile sabit kutuplu (polariteli) ve değişkenkutuplu (polariteli) DC voltaj uygulanan aspir ve soya fasulyesi bitkileri yer almışlardır.Bitki tohumları ekilerek, uygun şartlarda çimlenmeleri ve yetiştirilmeleri sağlanmıştır.Hasat sonrası, bitkilerin yaprak, gövde ve kök kısımları ile yetiştirildikleri toprak ayrı ayrıincelenmiş ve içerdikleri elementlerden 24 adedi ICP-MS analizi ile belirlenmiştir. Eldeedilen ölçüm sonuçları, bitkilerin fitoremediasyon performanslarının değerlendirilmesindekullanılan Translokasyon Faktörü (TF), Biyoyoğunlaşma Faktörü (BCF), ZenginleşmeKatsayısı (ECf) ve Bitki/ Toprak Oranı Yüzdesi olmak üzere, dört farklı performans kriterinegöre değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen bitkilerin, Ag, B, Cd, Mo, Na, Sb, Si, Sn, Zn ve Naelementleri için fitoremediasyon potansiyeline sahip oldukları gözlenmiştir.
Various methods, both ecologically based and cost-effective, have been developed inorder to remove the pollution of contaminated soils with chemical and physicalapplications and to ensure their rehabilitation. Within the scope of this study, a corn fieldwhere agricultural activities are carried out and river water with high pollution level isused as irrigation water from time to time was chosen. The selected field was locatedwithin the borders of Sinanlı Village located on the banks of the Ergene River and in theErgene Basin. Within the scope of the study, 200 kg of soil from the field and watersamples from Ergene River were taken. In order to examine the phytoremediationperformances, plant species that are suitable for the soil structure, have high tolerance topolluted soil, can reach high biomass values per unit area and time and produce economicvalue in non-food use were selected. In making this selection, attention was paid to theselection of oilseed species suitable for the growing conditions of the Thrace region andwhich can be used in biofuel production. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) from theAsteraceae family, Glycine max (soybean) from the Fabaceae family and Brassica napus(canola) from the Brassicaceae family were selected. Seeds were planted on theagricultural soil samples taken. The phytoremediation ability of each of these plantspecies was evaluated both by their natural removal of pollutants from the soil and byapplying DC electrical voltage to the soil in order to strengthen this process. In this study,safflower, soybean and canola plants without voltage application and safflower andsoybean plants with fixed polarity and variable polarity DC voltage were included. Plantseeds were planted and they were germinated and grown under suitable conditions. Afterthe harvest, the leaves, stem and root parts of the plants and the soil in which they weregrown were examined separately and 24 of the elements they contained were determinedby ICP-MS analysis. The obtained measurement results were evaluated according to fourdifferent performance criteria, namely Translocation Factor (TF), BioconcentrationFactor (BCF), Enrichment Coefficient (ECf) and Percent Plant/ Soil Ratio, which are usedto evaluate the phytoremediation performance of plants. It was observed that theexamined plants have phytoremediation potential for Ag, B, Cd, Mo, Na, Sb, Si, Sn, Znand Na elements.
Various methods, both ecologically based and cost-effective, have been developed inorder to remove the pollution of contaminated soils with chemical and physicalapplications and to ensure their rehabilitation. Within the scope of this study, a corn fieldwhere agricultural activities are carried out and river water with high pollution level isused as irrigation water from time to time was chosen. The selected field was locatedwithin the borders of Sinanlı Village located on the banks of the Ergene River and in theErgene Basin. Within the scope of the study, 200 kg of soil from the field and watersamples from Ergene River were taken. In order to examine the phytoremediationperformances, plant species that are suitable for the soil structure, have high tolerance topolluted soil, can reach high biomass values per unit area and time and produce economicvalue in non-food use were selected. In making this selection, attention was paid to theselection of oilseed species suitable for the growing conditions of the Thrace region andwhich can be used in biofuel production. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) from theAsteraceae family, Glycine max (soybean) from the Fabaceae family and Brassica napus(canola) from the Brassicaceae family were selected. Seeds were planted on theagricultural soil samples taken. The phytoremediation ability of each of these plantspecies was evaluated both by their natural removal of pollutants from the soil and byapplying DC electrical voltage to the soil in order to strengthen this process. In this study,safflower, soybean and canola plants without voltage application and safflower andsoybean plants with fixed polarity and variable polarity DC voltage were included. Plantseeds were planted and they were germinated and grown under suitable conditions. Afterthe harvest, the leaves, stem and root parts of the plants and the soil in which they weregrown were examined separately and 24 of the elements they contained were determinedby ICP-MS analysis. The obtained measurement results were evaluated according to fourdifferent performance criteria, namely Translocation Factor (TF), BioconcentrationFactor (BCF), Enrichment Coefficient (ECf) and Percent Plant/ Soil Ratio, which are usedto evaluate the phytoremediation performance of plants. It was observed that theexamined plants have phytoremediation potential for Ag, B, Cd, Mo, Na, Sb, Si, Sn, Znand Na elements.