Publication: Yarı kamusal ve yarı özel alan olarak balkonlar : Mimar/ Arkitekt dergisi bağlamında - İstanbul örneği, 1931-1940
Abstract
Bu araştırmada yarı kamusal ve yarı özel alan olarak balkonlar, Erken Cumhuriyet döneminin tek mimari periyodik yayını olan Mimar/ Arkitekt dergisi kapsamında 1931-1940 yılları arası İstanbul örneğinde incelenmiştir. 1930’lu yıllar Türkiye’nin her alanda batıyı en yakından izlediği zaman dilimi olarak görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla toplumsal ve mekânsal açıdan birçok değişim kendisini göstermiştir. Bu değişimler çerçevesinde apartman konut tipi yapılara olan eğilim ile birlikte balkon mekânları da yaygınlaşarak şehir manzarasına daha çok eklemlenmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada, dışa dönük yapısıyla var olan kültürel ortamda yer edinmeye başlayan balkonların dokuz yıllık süre içerisindeki farklılaşmalarının, tipolojilerinin ortaya konulması, işlev ve amaçlarının tartışılması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmada, ele alınan dönem aralığının bir ara dönem olması ve bazı açık/ yarı-açık mekân tanımlarının iç içe geçmiş olmasından kaynaklı balkonun türevleri olan diğer açık/ yarı-açık mekânlara da yer verilmiştir.Aynı zamanda bu çalışma 1931-1940 yıllarına ve balkonlara odaklanarak, ileride yapılacak dönemin mimarlık ve şehircilik tartışmalarına zemin hazırlamaktadır. 1931-1980 dönem aralığında yayım yapan Mimar/ Arkitekt dergisi kapsamında yapılan taramalar sonucunda, balkonların incelenmesine yönelik veri ve uygun dönem aralığı 1931-1940 yılları arası olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu dönem aralığında çalışılabilir 133 adet konut projesi saptanmış, bu konut projelerinden 100 adetinin İstanbul şehrinde yer aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Dolayısıyla İstanbul balkonlarının ayrı incelenmesine yol açmıştır. Dergide yer alan yayınların konut projeleri incelenerek bir balkon veri tabanı oluşturulmuştur. Bu veri tabanı, dönemin mimari düşünce eğilimi ve daha önce konu ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar çerçevesinde ele alınmaya çalışılmıştır.
In this study balconies as semi-private and public spheres are examined between 1931-1940 in the case of İstanbul city within the scope of the journal Mimar/ Arkitekt, which is the only architectural periodical publication of the Early Republican period. 1930’s were the periods of time where Turkey was most closely following West in every field. Therefore many social and spatial changes revealed themselves. Within the framework of these changes along with the tendecy towards apartment buildings, balconies have been added more to the city view as they have become widespread. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the typology, differentiations, functions and purposes of balconies, which have started to take place in the existing cultural environment with their extrovert structure, together with the changing and transforming social structure within a period of nine years. At the same time other open/ semi-open spaces are included due to te fact that the time period of this study is an intermediate period and the housing space definitions are interwined.Concurrently, this study lays the groundwork for future discussions on architecture and urbanism by focusing on the balconies in a period between 1931-1940. These semi-open spaces are discussed in the context of Mimar/ Arkitekt, which is the first architecture jorunal of the Republic. As a result of the searches made within the scope of Mimar/ Arkitekt journal which was published in the period between 1931-1980, the data for the examination of balconies and the appropriate period interval were determined between 1931-1940. During this period, 133 examinable housing projects were identified, as we observe these housing projects they were located in the city of Istanbul. Thereby, it has led the study to examine the İstanbul balconies separately. A balcony database was created by examining the housing projects of the publications in the journal. This database has been evaluated within the framework of architectural conception of the period and previous works that have been studied on the subject.
In this study balconies as semi-private and public spheres are examined between 1931-1940 in the case of İstanbul city within the scope of the journal Mimar/ Arkitekt, which is the only architectural periodical publication of the Early Republican period. 1930’s were the periods of time where Turkey was most closely following West in every field. Therefore many social and spatial changes revealed themselves. Within the framework of these changes along with the tendecy towards apartment buildings, balconies have been added more to the city view as they have become widespread. In this study, it is aimed to reveal the typology, differentiations, functions and purposes of balconies, which have started to take place in the existing cultural environment with their extrovert structure, together with the changing and transforming social structure within a period of nine years. At the same time other open/ semi-open spaces are included due to te fact that the time period of this study is an intermediate period and the housing space definitions are interwined.Concurrently, this study lays the groundwork for future discussions on architecture and urbanism by focusing on the balconies in a period between 1931-1940. These semi-open spaces are discussed in the context of Mimar/ Arkitekt, which is the first architecture jorunal of the Republic. As a result of the searches made within the scope of Mimar/ Arkitekt journal which was published in the period between 1931-1980, the data for the examination of balconies and the appropriate period interval were determined between 1931-1940. During this period, 133 examinable housing projects were identified, as we observe these housing projects they were located in the city of Istanbul. Thereby, it has led the study to examine the İstanbul balconies separately. A balcony database was created by examining the housing projects of the publications in the journal. This database has been evaluated within the framework of architectural conception of the period and previous works that have been studied on the subject.