Publication: Türk Medeni hukukunda velayetin kaldırılması
Abstract
Toplumun nüvesi olan ailenin, toplum içindeki işlev ve etkinliklerinin saptanması için hukuksal düzenlemelere ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Toplumun geleceğine güvenle bakması için, çocukları yetiştirme sorumluluğunu üstlenen ana babanın yüklendikleri yükümlülükleri gereği gibi yerine getirmeleri gerekir. Ana baba çocuk üzerindeki sorumluluklarına aykırı davranışlarda bulunduklarında genel olarak Medenî Kanunumuzda sayılan önlemlerin uygulanması gerekecektir. Bu önlemlerin içerisinde en ağırı da ana babanın sahip oldukları velayetin onlardan alınmasıdır. Tezimizin esası, Medenî Kanunumuzun Velayet faslı altında incelenen çocuğun korunması amacıyla hakimin müdahalesi ve himaye tedbirlerini düzenleyen hükümlerinden 274. ve 275. maddelerinde yer alan ana babadan velayetin kaldırılması konusudur. Velayetin kaldırılması için önkoşul velayet hakkına sahip ana babanın olmasıdır. Bu anlayışla üç bölümlük olan tezimizin ilk bölümüne velayet hakkına ve çocuğun korunmasına ilişkin düzenlemelere ayırdık. Bu bölümde, çocuğun korunmasına yönelik düzenlemelerin tarihsel gelişimi ve Medenî Kanunumuzda öngörülen önlemlerle, velayet hakkının niteliği incelendi. İkinci bölümde, velayetin kaldırılması için gerekli koşullara değinildi. Medenî Kanunumuzun sistematiği takip edilerek velayetin kaldırılmasını gerektiren hallere ilişkin açıklamalar Yargıtay içtihatları ve bilimsel görüşlerle karşılaştırıldı. Üçüncü bölümde ise, velayetin kaldırılması kararı ile velayetin geri verilmesi konuları üzerinde durduk. Bu bölümde görevli ve yetkili mahkeme ile kaldırma kararının niteliğinin yanında hükümlerinin çocuk ve ana baba açısından sonuçları ayrı ayrı incelendi. Çocuğun şahsı ve malvarlığı üzerinde ana babanın haiz oldukları haklarının kaldırma kararı ile birlikte yitirilmesi üzerinde açıklamalar yapıldı. Çocuğa vasi atanması, onun birey ve aile yanına ya da yurda yerleştirilme koşulları ve sonuçları anlatıldı. Tezimizin amacı, uygulama alanı dar anlaşılan ana babanın sorumluluk hükümlerine uygulama kabiliyeti kazandırılmasıdır. Temel aldığımız kaynak ise Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşmedir. Çalışmamızda Aile Hukukunun yanında Çocuk Hukukuna ilişkin diğer mevzuat hükümlerine de değindik. Çocuğun korunması açısından yasal ya da kurumsal düzenlemeler için öncelikle, ataerkil aile düzeninde mal üzerindeki mülkiyet hakkını çağrıştıran velayet hakkının bakım hakkına dönüştürülmesi suretiyle ana babanın geniş sorumluluğu her boyutta sınırlanmalıdır. Sorumlu-yardımcı ana baba anlayışı velayet hakkının sınırlandırılmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Çocuk Haklarına Dair Sözleşmeye uygun olacak yasal düzenlemelerin yine sözleşme hükümlerinin uygulanmasını kolaylaştırıcı şekilde yapılması gerekirken; diğer yandan aile ve çocuk hukuku alanı içerisinde değerlendirilen resmi vesayet, aile danışma büroları ile aile mahkemelerinin bir an önce kurulup hayata geçirilerek uygulamadaki ihtiyacı gidermeleri zorunlu hale gelmiştir.
Setting Aside of Parental Rights According to The Turkish Civil Law. The legal arrangements have been required in order to determine the functions and activities of the family shold be afforded the nucleus of society within the community. In order for the to look into the future with confidence parents have undertake the responsibility ought to be executed their obligation. In general, the limited measures needed to apply in our Civil Code when the parents behave contradictory treatment to their responsibilities at the child. Taking of parental rights from the parents is the severest of such measures. Setting aside the parental rights from them according to the our Civil Code articles 274 and 275 then decrees arronging intervention of a Judge and measures of conservation for the child. The precondition for setting aside of parental rights is to have mother and father possessing allocated the first part of our thesis which is composed of three parts to the parental rights and the protective arrangements of child. The historical development of the protective arrangements for child with the mesaures foreseen in our Civil Code and the characterictics of parental rights have been studied in this part. The necessary conditions for setting aside the parental rights have been mentioned under the second part. The explanations regarding conditions which require the setting aside of parental right have been compared The Suprome Court Core law and jurisprudences by following the systematic of our Civil Code. We have examined judgement setting aside of parental right and restoring of parental right in third part. Court of authorized for Jurisdiction, venue and characteristics, results of setting aside, the parental right of it's on child and the parents have been examined separately in this party. Explanations have been made which the parents possess on the persona and properties for the child aught to be lost then to setting aside judgment. Appointment of a guardian for the child and conditions, results of settling the child near an individual, a family or arphanage have been explained. The purpose of our thesis application capability is provided to responsibility sentences of the parents are esteemed which are under stood narrow application scope. Our basic source is The Convention on the Righnts of the Child. Besides family law, we have touch on other Children Persons act in our study. First of all, the wide responsibility of the parents ought to be limited in all dimensions for the legal or institutional arrangements to protection of child by parental rights which to bring the dominance in patriorchal family must converting to right attention. Responsible-assistant parents concept obliges to the limitation of parental right. The legal arrangements which will be in accordance to the convention on the Rights of the Child and legal arrangements ought to be made in a way to simlify the application provisions of the convention on the other hand the official appointed guardian, family consultant offices, family courts which is evaluated within the scope of family law and the law of child have to be established as soon as in order to satisfy the need in application.
Setting Aside of Parental Rights According to The Turkish Civil Law. The legal arrangements have been required in order to determine the functions and activities of the family shold be afforded the nucleus of society within the community. In order for the to look into the future with confidence parents have undertake the responsibility ought to be executed their obligation. In general, the limited measures needed to apply in our Civil Code when the parents behave contradictory treatment to their responsibilities at the child. Taking of parental rights from the parents is the severest of such measures. Setting aside the parental rights from them according to the our Civil Code articles 274 and 275 then decrees arronging intervention of a Judge and measures of conservation for the child. The precondition for setting aside of parental rights is to have mother and father possessing allocated the first part of our thesis which is composed of three parts to the parental rights and the protective arrangements of child. The historical development of the protective arrangements for child with the mesaures foreseen in our Civil Code and the characterictics of parental rights have been studied in this part. The necessary conditions for setting aside the parental rights have been mentioned under the second part. The explanations regarding conditions which require the setting aside of parental right have been compared The Suprome Court Core law and jurisprudences by following the systematic of our Civil Code. We have examined judgement setting aside of parental right and restoring of parental right in third part. Court of authorized for Jurisdiction, venue and characteristics, results of setting aside, the parental right of it's on child and the parents have been examined separately in this party. Explanations have been made which the parents possess on the persona and properties for the child aught to be lost then to setting aside judgment. Appointment of a guardian for the child and conditions, results of settling the child near an individual, a family or arphanage have been explained. The purpose of our thesis application capability is provided to responsibility sentences of the parents are esteemed which are under stood narrow application scope. Our basic source is The Convention on the Righnts of the Child. Besides family law, we have touch on other Children Persons act in our study. First of all, the wide responsibility of the parents ought to be limited in all dimensions for the legal or institutional arrangements to protection of child by parental rights which to bring the dominance in patriorchal family must converting to right attention. Responsible-assistant parents concept obliges to the limitation of parental right. The legal arrangements which will be in accordance to the convention on the Rights of the Child and legal arrangements ought to be made in a way to simlify the application provisions of the convention on the other hand the official appointed guardian, family consultant offices, family courts which is evaluated within the scope of family law and the law of child have to be established as soon as in order to satisfy the need in application.