Publication: Sîbeveyh'te anlam tasavvuru
Abstract
Basra dil ekolünde fesahatin belirli kabilelere mensubiyet gibi kesin bir ölçüte dayandırılması, Sîbeveyh’in dil tasavvurunun söz konusu veriler üzerinden şekillenmesini sağlamıştır. Bu durumda dil olgusu, fasih bir Arabın kastettiği anlamı ortaya koyan dilsel kullanım olarak ele alınmıştır. Böylece ortaya çıkan usul, dil kullanıcısının dil yetisini gözlemlemeye dayalı bir dilbilimsel disiplinin doğmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. el-Kitâb’da yer alan nahiv ve anlama ilişkin tahlillerde, bu bakış açısının bir gereği olarak, konuşurun dil kullanımıyla hedeflediği anlam ekseninde şekillenen bir gramer anlatımı göze çarpar. Sîbeveyh’in dil kullanımındaki anlam tasavvurunu çözümlemeyi hedefleyen bu çalışma, giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş kısmında araştırmanın genel çerçeve çizilerek; konusu, önemi ve sınırları belirlenmiştir. Birinci bölümde, Sîbeveyh’in olgun dil düşüncesine kaynaklık eden Basra dil ekolünün ve içinde bulunduğu tarihsel bağlamın rolü analiz edilmiştir. İkinci bölümde ise anlamın dilsel inşâsı sürecinde Sîbeveyh’in dil unsurları arasında kurduğu hiyerarşik ilişki ve zihnin bu unsurları bir söylem oluşturmak amacıyla nasıl bir araya getirdiğine dair açıklamaları incelenmiş; bu sayede dil yetisinin söylem oluşturma işleyişine dair kuramsal çerçeve ortaya konulmuştur. Son bölümde, Sîbeveyh’in nazarında, dil kullanıcılarının dilin esnek yapısı içerisinde anlam aktarırken önceliğinin ne olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çerçevede, bireyin bağlama dayalı dil kullanımında, nahvî tercihlerini anlamı aktarmak üzere nasıl işlevsel şekilde kullandığını ve bağlamın bu süreçteki kurucu rolünü gözlemleriz.
In the Basra school of grammar, the attribution of eloquence (fasaha) to specific tribes as a definitive criterion shaped Sibawayh’s conception of language based on these data. In this case, the phenomenon of language was considered as a linguistic usage that reveals the meaning intended by an eloquent Arab. Thus, the resulting methodology paved the way for the emergence of a linguistic discipline based on observing the language user's linguistic competence. In the grammatical and semantic analyses found in al-Kitāb, as a necessary consequence of this perspective, a grammatical exposition shaped around the meaning intended by the speaker's language use stands out. This study, which aims to analyze Sibawayh's conception of meaning in language use, consists of an introduction and three chapters. In the introduction, the general framework of the research is outlined, and its subject, significance, and boundaries are defined. In the first chapter, the role of the Basra school of grammar—which served as a source for Sibawayh’s mature linguistic thought—and its historical context is analyzed. In the second chapter, Sibawayh’s explanations regarding the hierarchical relationship he established among linguistic elements in the process of the semantic construction of meaning, as well as how the mind combines these elements to form a discourse, are examined. Through this, the theoretical framework concerning the functioning of linguistic competence in discourse formation is presented. In the final chapter, an attempt is made to determine what takes precedence for language users, in Sibawayh’s view, when conveying meaning within the flexible structure of language. Within this framework, we observe how the individual functionally employs their syntactic choices to convey meaning in context-based language use, as well as the constitutive role of context in this process.
In the Basra school of grammar, the attribution of eloquence (fasaha) to specific tribes as a definitive criterion shaped Sibawayh’s conception of language based on these data. In this case, the phenomenon of language was considered as a linguistic usage that reveals the meaning intended by an eloquent Arab. Thus, the resulting methodology paved the way for the emergence of a linguistic discipline based on observing the language user's linguistic competence. In the grammatical and semantic analyses found in al-Kitāb, as a necessary consequence of this perspective, a grammatical exposition shaped around the meaning intended by the speaker's language use stands out. This study, which aims to analyze Sibawayh's conception of meaning in language use, consists of an introduction and three chapters. In the introduction, the general framework of the research is outlined, and its subject, significance, and boundaries are defined. In the first chapter, the role of the Basra school of grammar—which served as a source for Sibawayh’s mature linguistic thought—and its historical context is analyzed. In the second chapter, Sibawayh’s explanations regarding the hierarchical relationship he established among linguistic elements in the process of the semantic construction of meaning, as well as how the mind combines these elements to form a discourse, are examined. Through this, the theoretical framework concerning the functioning of linguistic competence in discourse formation is presented. In the final chapter, an attempt is made to determine what takes precedence for language users, in Sibawayh’s view, when conveying meaning within the flexible structure of language. Within this framework, we observe how the individual functionally employs their syntactic choices to convey meaning in context-based language use, as well as the constitutive role of context in this process.